Mangrove ecosystem services under pressure: the history and future of carbon sequestration hotspots
红树林生态系统服务面临压力:碳封存热点的历史和未来
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/V012800/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 81.54万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2022 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Mangrove forests are often associated with the smell of rotten eggs and swarms of mosquitos. This may be true but at the same time these forests are unique and extremely valuable. Mangrove trees grow in challenging environments surviving hot, muddy and salty conditions as they thrive at the margin of land and sea in the tropics and subtropics. Mangrove ecosystems provide essential habitats for many animal species, they help filtering pollutants and protect the coast against erosion. Moreover, mangroves play a crucial role in combating climate change as they capture and store large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. In fact, these forests store carbon faster than most land ecosystems. The trees store carbon not only in their wood and leaves, but also in those smelly muddy soils. Despite all these benefits, mangroves are heavily threatened as sea level rise may cause forest drowning and people are increasingly modifying coastal landscapes and interfering with the natural processes on which mangroves depend. The impacts of such pressures on mangrove forests are still unclear, but the consequences may be drastic mangrove loss and reductions in carbon storage.Mangrove trees flourish under very specific conditions. They grow well under regular inundation by tides, but they cannot survive prolonged flooding. Hence mangroves will need to keep raising the bed on which they grow to cope with rising sea levels. Mangroves may accomplish by trapping sediments from the land and the sea with their roots. In addition, dead roots, leaves and branches accumulate within the muddy soils. This helps mangroves to gain elevation and the build-up of dead plant material creates carbon-rich sediments. Now, essentially two possibilities emerge. If mangroves keep up with sea level rise by accumulating carbon-rich plant material in their soils, then carbon stocks can actually increase. However, if sea level rise outpaces mangrove soil buildup, then tree mortality will reduce carbon storage. Limits to the adaptability of mangrove forests to sea level rise exist and these limits are influenced by human activities. Building of river dams, for example, reduces the delivery of sediment to the coast, while this sediment is needed to help raising mangroves and enable continued carbon storage. Clearly, mangrove environments are highly complex and in order to protect these valuable environments, improved understanding and abilities to predict their future are urgently needed.In this project, we will unravel the processes that control how and how much carbon is stored in mangrove forests and develop new computer models to investigate the impacts of sea level rise and human activities on future carbon accumulation. We have selected three sites in Colombia (South America) where mangrove trees reach up to 40 meters (!) making these forests true carbon storage hotspots. First, we will obtain soil samples up to a depth of 2 meters. We will estimate their carbon content, how fast that carbon has accumulated during the past, and where the carbon is coming from. We will also use microscopic plant remains preserved in the soil to discover what mangrove species have grown there in the past and whether this has influenced carbon accumulation. Third, we will develop a model capable of simulating how entire deltas and estuaries with mangrove vegetation evolve over tens to hundreds of years. Finally, we will use this new model to investigate the fate of mangrove forests under rising sea levels and varying sediment supply, and impacts on future carbon accumulation. Colombian high-school students and teachers from will participate in fieldwork and will present their work in science fairs for the general public to increase the awareness of the values of mangrove forests. We will also work together with our project partners to use our findings to support the development of sustainable management strategies in order to safeguard mangrove environments.
红树林经常与臭鸡蛋和成群的蚊子的气味联系在一起。这可能是真的,但与此同时,这些森林是独一无二的,极其宝贵。红树林生长在具有挑战性的环境中,在炎热、泥泞和盐碱的条件下生存,因为它们在热带和亚热带的陆地和海洋边缘茁壮成长。红树林生态系统为许多动物物种提供了必不可少的栖息地,它们有助于过滤污染物并保护海岸免受侵蚀。此外,红树林在应对气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用,因为它们从大气中捕获和储存了大量的碳。事实上,这些森林储存碳的速度比大多数陆地生态系统都快。这些树不仅在它们的木材和树叶中储存碳,而且还在那些臭气熏天的泥土中储存碳。尽管有这些好处,红树林仍受到严重威胁,因为海平面上升可能导致森林溺水,人们越来越多地修改沿海景观,干扰红树林赖以生存的自然过程。这种压力对红树林的影响尚不清楚,但其后果可能是红树林的急剧损失和碳储量的减少。红树林在非常特殊的条件下茁壮成长。它们在定期被潮汐淹没的情况下生长得很好,但它们无法在长期的洪水中存活下来。因此,红树林将需要不断抬高它们生长的海床,以应对海平面上升。红树林可能通过用它们的根从陆地和海洋中捕获沉积物来实现这一点。此外,泥土中还堆积着枯死的根、叶和树枝。这有助于红树林获得海拔,枯死的植物材料的堆积产生了富含碳的沉积物。现在,基本上出现了两种可能性。如果红树林通过在土壤中积累富含碳的植物材料来跟上海平面上升的步伐,那么碳储量实际上可以增加。然而,如果海平面上升的速度超过红树林土壤的堆积,那么树木的死亡将减少碳储存。红树林对海平面上升的适应性存在限制,这些限制受到人类活动的影响。例如,建造河流大坝可以减少向海岸输送泥沙,而这些泥沙是帮助提高红树林和实现持续碳储存所必需的。显然,红树林环境是高度复杂的,为了保护这些宝贵的环境,迫切需要提高对它们未来的理解和预测能力。在这个项目中,我们将揭示控制红树林中碳储存方式和数量的过程,并开发新的计算机模型来研究海平面上升和人类活动对未来碳积累的影响。我们在哥伦比亚(南美洲)选择了三个红树林高达40米的地点(!)使这些森林成为真正的碳储存热点。首先,我们将获取深达2米的土壤样本。我们将估计它们的碳含量,碳在过去积累的速度有多快,以及碳来自哪里。我们还将利用保存在土壤中的微小植物遗骸来发现过去在那里生长过哪些红树林物种,以及这是否影响了碳的积累。第三,我们将开发一个模型,能够模拟整个拥有红树林植被的三角洲和河口是如何在几十年到数百年的时间里进化的。最后,我们将使用这个新模型来研究红树林在海平面上升和沉积物供应变化的情况下的命运,以及对未来碳积累的影响。哥伦比亚的高中生和教师将参加实地考察,并将在科学博览会上向公众展示他们的工作,以提高对红树林价值的认识。我们还将与我们的项目合作伙伴合作,利用我们的研究结果来支持可持续管理战略的制定,以保护红树林环境。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
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Barend Van Maanen的其他文献
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