BEHAVIORAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LOSS

早期的社会创伤影响发展中的个体， 行为上和生理上。 由于艾滋病毒感染的发病率 青少年人口增加，特别是那些有许多 童年创伤，了解这些事件对 抗病性变得越来越重要。 自从研究 HIV感染者的疾病进展经常受到以下因素的混淆 由于药物使用等因素，必须开发一种非人类 灵长类动物模型，可以消除这些影响。 已经表明 将非人类灵长类动物的婴儿与母亲分开， 短时间内导致免疫系统的永久性改变， 系统 这些表现为增强的天然细胞毒性。 什么 尚未确定这些变化是否有害， 也就是说，导致疾病的风险增加或疾病的快速进展， 感染后的病程。 在这项研究中，我们正在评估 在20例接种SIVsmE 660后的疾病进展中， 四岁的小尾巴猕猴 一半的动物 在六个月大时经历了两周的母亲分离， 一半是来自同一社会群体的对照组， 被分开了 这些实验对象参与了一项 科罗拉多大学健康科学中心的方案， 它们的行为和免疫系统的发育是有据可查的。 完成 治疗前后的血细胞计数、分类计数和流式细胞术 感染将被用来确定总数和比例， 淋巴细胞以及淋巴细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+、CD20+和 CD16+）。 对两种肿瘤细胞系（K562和Raji）的天然细胞毒性 也将受到监督。 感染后，所有个体的血液 将通过全病毒检查抗体和病毒水平 酶联免疫吸附测定和聚合酶链反应。 定量行为观察也将收集所有 科目 感染后10个月，处死动物， 检查组织的病理变化。 迄今为止，有一种动物 从丹佛抵达并已完成隔离 这只动物将 感染了SIVsmE660 还有四只动物计划 在今年春天早些时候到达。

Early social traumas affect the developing individual both behaviorally and physiologically. As the incidence of HIV infection rises in adolescent populations, particularly those with numerous childhood traumas, an understanding of the impact of these events on disease resistance becomes increasingly important. Since studies of disease progression in HIV-infected humans are often confounded by factors such as drug use, it is imperative to develop a nonhuman primate model that can eliminate these influences. It has been shown that separating nonhuman primate infants from their mothers for a short period of time results in permanent alterations in the immune system. These take the form of enhanced natural cytotoxicity. What has not been determined is whether these changes are detrimental, i.e., result in increased risk for disease or rapid progression of the disease process following infection. In this study we are evaluating disease progression following inoculation with SIVsmE660 in 20 four-year-old pigtailed macaques. Half of the animals will have experienced a two-week maternal separation at six months of age and half will be matched controls from the same social group that have not been separated. The subjects have been part of an experimental protocol at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and their behavioral and immune development is well documented. Complete blood counts, differentials and flow cytometry before and after infection will be used to determine total numbers and proportions of lymphocytes as well as lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD16+). Natural cytotoxicity to two tumor cell lines (K562 and Raji) will also be monitored. After infection, blood of all individuals will be examined for levels of antibody and virus by whole-virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Quantitative behavioral observations will also be collected on all subjects. Ten months after infection animals will be sacrificed and tissues examined for pathological changes. To date, one animal has arrived from Denver and has completed quarantine. This animal will be infected with SIVsmE660 in six weeks. Four more animals are scheduled to arrive early this spring.