A UK-based internally heated pressure vessel (IHPV) system for studying geological and environmental processes at crustal pressures

英国的内热压力容器 (IHPV) 系统，用于研究地壳压力下的地质和环境过程

• 批准号: NE/X005933/1
• 负责人: David Neave
• 金额: $ 95.57万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX005933%2F1
• 关键词: UK; based; internally; heated; pressure

Earth's chemical evolution is mediated by exchanges of mass and heat between its hot interior and cool exterior. Many of these exchanges occur under high pressure and temperature conditions in the crust where magmas degas volatiles, feed volcanic eruptions, form ore deposits, and hydrothermally dissipate heat. New experiments at crustal pressures are thus urgently needed to develop and calibrate key thermodynamic and kinetic models required to create quantitative analytical and computational models of element transport, exchange and cycling. Few global laboratories have the capability to investigate these exchanges experimentally. There are currently no assets in the UK that can simultaneously access the pressure and temperature conditions relevant to many vital crustal processes.The proposed IHPV system from Wille Geotechnik will bridge the existing considerable gap in national capability by supporting high-temperature (up to 1250 degC) experiments on geological materials under controlled redox conditions at crustal pressures (100-600 MPa). It will enable a step change in research on magmatic, volcanic, ore-forming, and hydrothermal processes that address key and immediate science challenges that include natural and cascading hazards, particularly in volcanic environments; critical metals required for the energy transition; sustainable energy; planetary habitability; and environmental change. Investment in a UK IHPV asset will provide much-needed capacity for NERC-funded researchers to drive technological innovation that depends on secure, long-term access to high-pressure, high-temperature experimental capability.Examples of key science questions to be addressed through IHPV experiments include:1. How are volatiles degassed during magma ascent and cycled at depth?2. Where and how long are magmas stored before volcanic eruptions?3. How do changes in pressure, temperature and redox control the formation of critical metal ores (e.g. Li, Cu, REE) required for the energy transition?4. What occurs at the interfaces between magmatic and hydrothermal systems?UoM hosts considerable experimental infrastructure including furnaces and solid media presses that will complement and add value to the proposed IHPV system. The proposed IHPV system will provide complementary rather than equivalent capability to assets currently installed in Bristol, Durham Edinburgh and Oxford, enhancing the UK's environment for research. An IHPV system will support UoM's excellent microanalytical facilities (EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, NanoSIMS) by delivering new capability to synthesise geochemical standards, from which national facilities including NERC's Ion Microprobe Facility will also benefit.Approximately 12 weeks of IHPV experiments are carried out for UK-based researchers at overseas facilities each year, including for NERC- and STFC-funded researchers at UoM. The new asset will fully meet existing baseline national demand, and will provide capacity to open wholly new avenues of research. We anticipate 50% usage by UoM postgraduate research students and postdocs; 25% of usage by external NERC-funded users, and 25% usage by UoM and external users across the wider UKRI remit, including those funded by STFC, EPSRC and industry partners (e.g. Rolls-Royce). Ongoing running, technical and maintenance costs will be recovered from access charges. Technical support will be provided through pooled access to a UoM-underwritten Senior Experimental Officer.Installing an IHPV system in the UK will reduce carbon emissions by alleviating the need to travel overseas for IHPV experiments, helping both UoM and NERC realise their goals of achieving net zero by 2038 and 2040, respectively. UoM has already invested £170K to fully refurbish a laboratory that will house the proposed IHPV system alongside other high-pressure, high-temperature assets. UoM will invest a further ca. £200K to cover procurement costs above the £750K requested from NERC.

地球的化学演化是通过其炎热的内部和凉爽的外部之间的质量和热量交换来调节的。许多这些交换发生在地壳的高压和高温条件下，岩浆将挥发物脱气，促进火山喷发，形成矿床并通过热液散热。因此，迫切需要在地壳压力下进行新的实验来开发和校准关键的热力学和动力学模型，以创建元素传输、交换和循环的定量分析和计算模型。全球很少有实验室有能力通过实验研究这些交换。目前，英国没有任何资产可以同时获取与许多重要地壳过程相关的压力和温度条件。Wille Geotechnik 提出的 IHPV 系统将通过支持在地壳压力 (100-600 MPa) 的受控氧化还原条件下对地质材料进行高温（高达 1250 摄氏度）实验，从而弥补国家能力方面现有的巨大差距。它将使岩浆、火山、成矿和热液过程的研究发生重大变化，解决关键和直接的科学挑战，包括自然灾害和级联灾害，特别是在火山环境中；能源转型所需的关键金属；可持续能源；行星的宜居性；和环境变化。对英国 IHPV 资产的投资将为 NERC 资助的研究人员提供急需的能力，以推动依赖于安全、长期获得高压、高温实验能力的技术创新。通过 IHPV 实验解决的关键科学问题的示例包括：1。岩浆上升过程中挥发物如何脱气并在深部循环？2．火山喷发前岩浆储存在哪里以及储存多长时间？3．压力、温度和氧化还原的变化如何控制能量转换所需的关键金属矿石（例如锂、铜、稀土元素）的形成？4。岩浆和热液系统之间的界面会发生什么？曼彻斯特大学拥有大量的实验基础设施，包括熔炉和固体介质压机，这些基础设施将补充拟议的 IHPV 系统并为其增加价值。拟议的 IHPV 系统将为目前安装在布里斯托尔、达勒姆、爱丁堡和牛津的资产提供补充而非同等的能力，从而改善英国的研究环境。 IHPV 系统将通过提供合成地球化学标准的新能力来支持 UoM 优秀的微分析设施（EPMA、LA-ICP-MS、NanoSIMS），包括 NERC 离子微探针设施在内的国家设施也将从中受益。每年，英国研究人员在海外设施（包括 NERC 和 STFC 资助的设施）进行约 12 周的 IHPV 实验 密歇根大学的研究人员。新资产将完全满足现有的国家基准需求，并将提供开辟全新研究途径的能力。我们预计 UoM 研究生和博士后的使用率将达到 50%； 25% 的使用量由 NERC 资助的外部用户使用，25% 的使用量由 UoM 和更广泛的 UKRI 职权范围内的外部用户使用，包括由 STFC、EPSRC 和行业合作伙伴（例如劳斯莱斯）资助的用户。持续的运行、技术和维护成本将从接入费中收回。将通过与 UoM 承保的高级实验官员共同提供技术支持。在英国安装 IHPV 系统将减少前往海外进行 IHPV 实验的需要，从而减少碳排放，帮助 UoM 和 NERC 分别实现到 2038 年和 2040 年实现净零排放的目标。密歇根大学已投资 17 万英镑全面翻新实验室，该实验室将容纳拟议的 IHPV 系统以及其他高压高温资产。密歇根大学将进一步投资约。 20 万英镑用于支付 NERC 要求的 75 万英镑以上的采购成本。