CO2 - H2 Optimisation in Rocks for Underground Storage (CHORUS)

CO2 - H2 地下储存岩石中的优化 (CHORUS)

• 批准号: NE/X012751/1
• 负责人: Ismael Falcon-Suarez
• 金额: $ 6.73万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX012751%2F1
• 关键词: CO2; H2; Optimisation; Rocks; Underground

The UK is poised to embrace net zero carbon emission technologies to meet its Paris accord targets, by combining an increasing use of the renewables with efficient underground hydrogen storage (UHS) and long-planned Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes. This proposal will advance knowledge needed to combine UHS with CCUS (i.e., a win-win strategy), by developing a novel seismic monitoring tool to capture key geophysical properties of the stored hydrogen (H2). Specifically, UHS implies cyclic injection/depletion activities to deal with seasonal fluctuations associated with energy demands. But for the cycle to be successful, a cushion gas is needed to keep the reservoir pressurised. Carbon dioxide (CO2) being an abundant greenhouse gas, is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative. Its use as cushion gas, if successful, could significantly reduce the cost of seasonal H2 retrieval and open up novel research directions.In most storage projects, fluids injected in geological formations are seismically monitored by associating the variation of seismic velocity and amplitude with fluid content. However, if H2 is injected in a CO2-cushioned reservoir, the similar acoustic properties of both gases together with the short timescales to settle within an injection/extraction cycle obscure the H2 seismic visibility. CHORUS will test the hypothesis that a viscosity contrast is the key to seismic H2 detectability in a H2-CO2 storage scenario. We propose to test this hypothesis in three stages, using our current expertise with multi-flow laboratory tests, modelling and dispersive wave propagation. First, we will perform laboratory measurements of the elastic and transport properties of reservoir rocks saturated with the fluids present in UHS applications. We will control these experiments to emulate viscosity contrasts of H2-CO2 at reservoir conditions. Second, we will apply existing rock physics models established for CCUS to calculate the seismic velocities, attenuation and dispersion of these rocks under different saturation conditions. This will involve reservoir rocks saturated with H2-water and CO2-water below a caprock seal. We will calibrate these models using the novel dataset. Third, we will scale up our finds by calculating synthetic seismic data corresponding to a vertical seismic profile (time-lapse experiment with attenuation contrast between different fluid regimes) controlled by the viscosity contrast and informed by the experimental data. Using this synthetic dataset, we will conduct a sensitivity analysis to assess the limits of seismic detectability of H2.Outcomes of this proposal have the potential to de-risk UHS monitoring by enhancing our ability to quantify H2 through better seismic resolution of the H2-CO2 interface. A better understanding of the dispersive properties of H2-saturated rocks will enable policy-makers to identify seismic attributes associated with fracturing and quantifying leakage risk. Altogether will facilitate both the planning of efficient monitoring strategies for industrial seasonal UHS. We propose to disseminate our results in the form of two (6-monthly) reports, a collaborative scientific publication in a lead academic journal and a conference publication, and openly accessible datasets from the rock physics and the synthetic seismic experiments. Using this project as springboard proof-of-concept, we intend to consolidate its finds by pursuing a long-term UK collaboration through a NERC Pushing Frontiers funding proposal, to include the assessment of caprock integrity by incorporating geomechanical effects from fracturing on seismic signatures. Such a proposal would incorporate fundamental research, as well as detailed anisotropic modelling of fractured top-seal/reservoir and seismic data. In addition, our theoretical advancements can complement ongoing UHS studies, both in NOC (NERC MOET), and UoE (EPSRC HyStorPore) with novel rock physical knowledge.

英国准备采用净零碳排放技术，以实现其巴黎雅阁目标，将可再生能源的使用与高效地下储氢（UHS）和长期规划的碳捕获使用和储存（CCUS）计划相结合。该提案将推进联合收割机UHS与CCUS相结合所需的知识（即，一个双赢的战略），通过开发一种新的地震监测工具，以捕捉储存的氢（H2）的关键地球物理特性。具体而言，UHS意味着循环注入/耗尽活动，以应对与能源需求相关的季节性波动。但要使循环成功，就需要一种缓冲气体来保持储层的压力。二氧化碳（CO2）是一种丰富的温室气体，是一种有前途的环境友好的替代品。如果成功的话，它作为缓冲气的使用可以显着降低季节性氢气回收的成本，并开辟新的研究方向。在大多数储存项目中，通过将地震速度和振幅的变化与流体含量联系起来，对注入地质构造中的流体进行地震监测。然而，如果H2被注入到CO2驱替的储层中，则两种气体的相似声学特性以及在注入/提取周期内稳定的短时间尺度掩盖了H2地震的可见性。CHORUS将检验粘度对比度是H2-CO2储存方案中地震H2可探测性的关键这一假设。我们建议分三个阶段测试这一假设，利用我们目前的专业知识，多流实验室测试，建模和色散波传播。首先，我们将进行实验室测量的弹性和运输性能的储层岩石饱和的流体存在于UHS应用。我们将控制这些实验，以模拟油藏条件下H2-CO2的粘度对比。其次，我们将应用现有的岩石物理模型建立CCUS计算地震速度，衰减和分散的岩石在不同的饱和度条件下。这将涉及到盖层密封下面的饱和有H2-水和CO2-水的储集岩。我们将使用新的数据集校准这些模型。第三，我们将通过计算与垂直地震剖面（不同流体状态之间衰减对比的延时实验）对应的合成地震数据来扩大我们的发现，该垂直地震剖面由粘度对比控制并由实验数据提供信息。利用这一合成数据集，我们将进行敏感性分析，以评估地震可探测性的限制H2.这一建议的结果有可能降低风险UHS监测通过提高我们的能力，量化H2通过更好的地震分辨率的H2-CO2界面。更好地了解氢饱和岩石的分散特性将使决策者能够识别与压裂和量化泄漏风险相关的地震属性。总的来说，这将有助于规划工业季节性UHS的有效监测战略。我们建议以两份（6个月）报告的形式传播我们的结果，在领先的学术期刊和会议出版物上发表合作科学出版物，以及岩石物理学和合成地震实验的公开数据集。使用这个项目作为跳板的概念验证，我们打算通过追求长期的英国合作，通过NERC推动前沿的资助建议，包括通过纳入地质力学效应的地震签名压裂盖层完整性的评估，以巩固其发现。这一建议将包括基础研究以及裂缝性顶部密封/储层和地震数据的详细各向异性建模。此外，我们的理论进步可以补充正在进行的UHS研究，无论是在NOC（NERC MOET），和UOE（EPSRC HyStorPore）与新的岩石物理知识。