CO2 - H2 Optimisation in Rocks for Underground Storage (CHORUS)

CO2 - H2 地下储存岩石中的优化 (CHORUS)

• 批准号: NE/X012751/1
• 负责人: Ismael Falcon-Suarez
• 金额: $ 6.73万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX012751%2F1
• 关键词: CO2; H2; Optimisation; Rocks; Underground

The UK is poised to embrace net zero carbon emission technologies to meet its Paris accord targets, by combining an increasing use of the renewables with efficient underground hydrogen storage (UHS) and long-planned Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes. This proposal will advance knowledge needed to combine UHS with CCUS (i.e., a win-win strategy), by developing a novel seismic monitoring tool to capture key geophysical properties of the stored hydrogen (H2). Specifically, UHS implies cyclic injection/depletion activities to deal with seasonal fluctuations associated with energy demands. But for the cycle to be successful, a cushion gas is needed to keep the reservoir pressurised. Carbon dioxide (CO2) being an abundant greenhouse gas, is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative. Its use as cushion gas, if successful, could significantly reduce the cost of seasonal H2 retrieval and open up novel research directions.In most storage projects, fluids injected in geological formations are seismically monitored by associating the variation of seismic velocity and amplitude with fluid content. However, if H2 is injected in a CO2-cushioned reservoir, the similar acoustic properties of both gases together with the short timescales to settle within an injection/extraction cycle obscure the H2 seismic visibility. CHORUS will test the hypothesis that a viscosity contrast is the key to seismic H2 detectability in a H2-CO2 storage scenario. We propose to test this hypothesis in three stages, using our current expertise with multi-flow laboratory tests, modelling and dispersive wave propagation. First, we will perform laboratory measurements of the elastic and transport properties of reservoir rocks saturated with the fluids present in UHS applications. We will control these experiments to emulate viscosity contrasts of H2-CO2 at reservoir conditions. Second, we will apply existing rock physics models established for CCUS to calculate the seismic velocities, attenuation and dispersion of these rocks under different saturation conditions. This will involve reservoir rocks saturated with H2-water and CO2-water below a caprock seal. We will calibrate these models using the novel dataset. Third, we will scale up our finds by calculating synthetic seismic data corresponding to a vertical seismic profile (time-lapse experiment with attenuation contrast between different fluid regimes) controlled by the viscosity contrast and informed by the experimental data. Using this synthetic dataset, we will conduct a sensitivity analysis to assess the limits of seismic detectability of H2.Outcomes of this proposal have the potential to de-risk UHS monitoring by enhancing our ability to quantify H2 through better seismic resolution of the H2-CO2 interface. A better understanding of the dispersive properties of H2-saturated rocks will enable policy-makers to identify seismic attributes associated with fracturing and quantifying leakage risk. Altogether will facilitate both the planning of efficient monitoring strategies for industrial seasonal UHS. We propose to disseminate our results in the form of two (6-monthly) reports, a collaborative scientific publication in a lead academic journal and a conference publication, and openly accessible datasets from the rock physics and the synthetic seismic experiments. Using this project as springboard proof-of-concept, we intend to consolidate its finds by pursuing a long-term UK collaboration through a NERC Pushing Frontiers funding proposal, to include the assessment of caprock integrity by incorporating geomechanical effects from fracturing on seismic signatures. Such a proposal would incorporate fundamental research, as well as detailed anisotropic modelling of fractured top-seal/reservoir and seismic data. In addition, our theoretical advancements can complement ongoing UHS studies, both in NOC (NERC MOET), and UoE (EPSRC HyStorPore) with novel rock physical knowledge.

英国准备通过将可再生能源的使用与高效的地下储氢（UHS）和长期规划的碳捕获使用和储存（CCUS）计划相结合，采用净零碳排放技术来实现其巴黎协议的目标。该提案将通过开发一种新的地震监测工具来捕获存储氢气（H2）的关键地球物理特性，从而推进将UHS与CCUS相结合所需的知识（即双赢策略）。具体而言，UHS意味着循环注入/消耗活动，以处理与能源需求有关的季节性波动。但为了使循环成功，需要缓冲气体来保持储层的压力。二氧化碳（CO2）是一种丰富的温室气体，是一种有前途的环保替代品。如果将其作为缓冲气使用成功，将大大降低季节性氢气回收的成本，开辟新的研究方向。在大多数储存项目中，通过将地震速度和振幅的变化与流体含量联系起来，对注入地质地层的流体进行地震监测。然而，如果将H2注入二氧化碳缓冲储层，两种气体相似的声学特性以及在注入/提取周期内沉淀的短时间尺度会使H2的地震可见性变得模糊。CHORUS将测试粘度对比是在H2- co2储存场景中地震H2可探测性的关键这一假设。我们建议分三个阶段验证这一假设，利用我们目前在多流实验室测试、建模和色散波传播方面的专业知识。首先，我们将对储层岩石的弹性和输运特性进行实验室测量，这些岩石被UHS应用中存在的流体饱和。我们将控制这些实验来模拟油藏条件下H2-CO2的粘度对比。其次，利用CCUS建立的现有岩石物理模型，计算不同饱和度条件下这些岩石的地震速度、衰减和频散。这将涉及盖层封盖下饱和h2 -水和co2 -水的储层岩石。我们将使用新的数据集校准这些模型。第三，我们将通过计算与垂直地震剖面相对应的合成地震数据来扩大我们的发现，该剖面由粘度对比控制，并由实验数据提供信息。利用该合成数据集，我们将进行敏感性分析，以评估H2的地震可探测极限。该提案的结果有可能通过提高H2- co2界面的地震分辨率来增强我们量化H2的能力，从而降低UHS监测的风险。更好地了解饱和h2岩石的分散性将使决策者能够识别与压裂相关的地震属性，并量化泄漏风险。两者均有助制订有效的工业季节性超保健监测策略。我们建议以两份（6个月）报告的形式传播我们的结果，一份主要学术期刊的合作科学出版物和一份会议出版物，以及开放访问的岩石物理和合成地震实验数据集。利用该项目作为概念验证的跳板，我们打算通过NERC推动前沿的资助提案寻求与英国的长期合作来巩固其发现，包括通过结合压裂对地震特征的地质力学影响来评估盖层完整性。这一建议将包括基础研究、裂缝顶封/储层的详细各向异性建模和地震数据。此外，我们的理论进展可以补充正在进行的UHS研究，无论是在NOC (NERC MOET)，还是在UoE (EPSRC HyStorPore)，都有新的岩石物理知识。