Geomechanical Assessment of CO2 Storage Reservoir Integrity Post-closure (GASRIP)

关闭后二氧化碳封存完整性的地质力学评估 (GASRIP)

• 批准号: NE/R013535/2
• 负责人: Ismael Falcon-Suarez
• 金额: $ 21.04万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR013535%2F2
• 关键词: Geomechanical; Assessment; CO2; Storage; Reservoir

Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into deep geological formations is recognized worldwide as the only realistic mitigation technology that can reduce current anthropogenic CO2 emissions to meet national targets by 2050. However, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) have aroused public concerns over potential surface leakage of CO2 from geological reservoirs, limiting the number of potential storage sites. European countries, including the UK, have considered depleted oil and gas fields and saline aquifers for CO2 storage (e.g. Sleipner field, North Sea), while a number of projects in the United States have focused on CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in depleted or unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geological reservoirs are complex systems. Their geomechanical integrity can be affected by CO2-fluid-rock interactions following injection of CO2, which can be quantified in terms of Thermal, Hydrological, Mechanical and Chemical coupled phenomena (THMCs). THMCs induced by CO2 injection can lead to detrimental enhanced seismicity and CO2 leakage to the surface. So, the advent of CCS and EOR-CCS operations has triggered the need for more research to preserve the geomechanical integrity of reservoirs during the whole CO2 storage cycle (lasting 100s years). To date, researchers have focused on the induced changes in the physical properties of the reservoir during CO2 injection (transition from brine-bearing to CO2-bearing formations) and associated overpressure effects. It is generally assumed that following the interruption of CO2 injection, the reservoir pressure decreases, the CO2 plume migrates and natural imbibition leads to aquifer recharge. However, CO2 injection is a drying process that triggers complex salt precipitation phenomena in brine saturated formations. Several studies have focused on the risks associated with porosity and permeability reduction with respect to injection efficiency and storage capacity. A less appreciated fact is that salt crystals growing under confinement have the potential to damage the rock by exerting enormous pressures (haloclasty). After ceasing the CO2 injection, the aquifer recharge leads to salt dissolution and reservoir compaction.The hypothesized reversibility of salt precipitation in CO2 storage contexts has yet to be investigated. Which phenomena do we expect to affect reservoir integrity during the natural aquifer recharge post-CO2 injection? Can we control them? The energy industry is transforming as we move to a lower carbon world; CCS and EOR-CCS are becoming essential practices for the oil and gas industry, a vital sector for the UK economy. Addressing these questions is crucial for the safe CCS operation at the scales needed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions for the UK, and at the same time improving recovery rates from hydrocarbon reservoirs (e.g., UK North Sea fields). This project seeks to address the UK Industrial Strategy's clean energy agenda by reducing CCS risks, and providing a possible new EOR method.Geomechanical Assessment of CO2 Storage Reservoir Integrity Post-closure (GASRIP) is a project primarily designed to study how CO2-brine induced-salt precipitation/dissolution affects geomechanical integrity of CO2 storage reservoirs. By looking at changes in the elastic, mechanical and transport properties of natural sandstones in the laboratory, GASRIP will assess variations in the mechanical properties in saline siliciclastic reservoirs post-CO2 injection. By analysing carbonate-rich sandstones, GASRIP will determine the mechanical and chemical post-CO2 injection effects on chemically reactive reservoirs. This information is needed for the potential use of salt precipitation in a controlled manner to improve the transport properties and the viable production of oil and gas from tight reservoirs (EOR alternative). By integrating the results in a numerical model, GASRIP will offer a valuable tool for risk assessment of CO2 storage reservoirs post-closure.

向深层地质层注入二氧化碳（CO2）被全世界公认为是唯一现实的减缓技术，可以减少目前人为CO2排放量，以实现到2050年的国家目标。然而，碳捕集和封存（CCS）引起了公众对潜在的CO2从地质水库表面泄漏的关注，限制了潜在的封存地点的数量。包括英国在内的欧洲国家已经考虑将枯竭的油气田和盐水层用于CO2储存（例如，北海Sleipner油田），而美国的许多项目则集中于在枯竭或非常规烃储层中注入CO2以提高石油采收率（EOR）。它们的地质力学完整性可能会受到CO2-流体-岩石相互作用的影响，注入CO2后，这可以量化的热，水文，机械和化学耦合现象（THMCs）。CO2注入引起的THMCs可导致有害的地震活动增强和CO2泄漏到地表。因此，CCS和EOR-CCS操作的出现引发了对在整个CO2储存周期（持续100多年）期间保持储层地质力学完整性的更多研究的需求。到目前为止，研究人员一直专注于CO2注入过程中（从含盐水地层过渡到含CO2地层）引起的储层物理性质变化以及相关的超压效应。一般认为，CO2注入中断后，储层压力降低，CO2羽流迁移，自然吸渗导致含水层补给。然而，CO2注入是一个干燥过程，在盐水饱和地层中引发复杂的盐沉淀现象。一些研究集中在孔隙度和渗透率降低对注入效率和储存能力的影响。一个不太被重视的事实是，在限制下生长的盐晶体有可能通过施加巨大的压力（盐碎）来破坏岩石。停止CO2注入后，含水层补给导致盐溶解和储层压实。CO2储存背景下盐沉淀的假设可逆性尚未得到研究。在CO2注入后的天然含水层补给过程中，我们预计哪些现象会影响储层完整性？我们能控制他们吗？随着我们转向低碳世界，能源行业正在发生转变; CCS和EOR-CCS正在成为石油和天然气行业的重要实践，而石油和天然气行业是英国经济的重要部门。解决这些问题对于在减少英国温室气体排放所需的规模上安全CCS操作至关重要，同时提高碳氢化合物储层的采收率（例如，英国北海油田）。该项目旨在通过降低CCS风险来解决英国工业战略的清洁能源议程，并提供一种可能的新EOR方法。CO2封存储层封闭后完整性地质力学评估（GASRIP）是一个主要旨在研究CO2盐水诱导盐沉淀/溶解如何影响CO2封存储层地质力学完整性的项目。通过观察实验室中天然砂岩的弹性、机械和输运性质的变化，GASRIP将评估CO2注入后盐硅质岩储层中机械性质的变化。通过分析富碳酸盐砂岩，GASRIP将确定CO2注入后对化学反应性储层的机械和化学影响。这一信息对于以受控方式使用盐沉淀以改善致密储层的石油和天然气的运输特性和可行生产（EOR替代方案）是必要的。通过将结果整合到数值模型中，GASRIP将为关闭后的CO2储存水库的风险评估提供有价值的工具。

项目成果

Introduction to this special section: The role of geophysics in a net-zero-carbon world

本专题介绍：地球物理学在净零碳世界中的作用

• DOI: 10.1190/tle40040244.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Leading Edge
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I

CO 2 -Brine Substitution Effects on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Through Sandstone With Oblique Fractures

CO 2 -盐水替代对超声波在斜裂缝砂岩中传播的影响

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088439
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I

Experimental assessment of the stress-sensitivity of combined elastic and electrical anisotropy in shallow reservoir sandstones

• DOI: 10.1190/geo2019-0612.1
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: GEOPHYSICS
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: I. Falcon‐Suarez;L. North;B. Callow;G. Bayrakci;J. Bull;A. Best

Core-scale geophysical and hydromechanical analysis of seabed sediments affected by CO2 venting

受二氧化碳排放影响的海底沉积物的岩心尺度地球物理和流体力学分析

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103332
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I

Joint elastic-electrical monitoring for detecting and quantifying CO2-induced salt precipitation during geological carbon and storage

联合弹性电监测用于检测和量化地质碳和储存过程中二氧化碳引起的盐沉淀

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9920
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I