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ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY FOLLOWING THE PERMO-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION

二叠纪-三叠纪大规模灭绝后的生态系统恢复

基本信息

批准号：
NE/X012859/1
负责人：
Alexander Dunhill
金额：
$ 10.27万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX012859%2F1
关键词：
ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY FOLLOWING PERMO TRIASSIC

项目摘要

The Permo-Triassic mass extinction (PTME; c. 252 Ma) was the most catastrophic biotic event of the Phanerozoic with up to 96% of marine animals going extinct. This event was triggered by massive volcanic eruptions which led to a series of environmental cascades in the oceans, such as rapid and extreme greenhouse warming, ocean anoxia and ocean acidification. The PTME had long lasting effects on the evolution of life with current opinions stating that marine ecosystem recovery took anywhere between 5 to 50 million years. It has also been hypothesised that the PTME caused a permanent ecological regime shift in the world's oceans, marking the end of Palaeozoic benthic ecosystems largely made up of sessile suspension feeders and catalysing the "Mesozoic Marine Revolution", a predator-prey arms race which led to increasing levels of ecological complexity. However, previous attempts to quantify the speed and nature of the recovery interval from the PTME have relied upon indirect measures of ecosystem structure and complexity such as compilations of taxonomic vs functional diversity, qualitative interpretations of ecosystem recovery, and attempts at quantifying changes in life habit and evidence of predation intensity through time. However, to thoroughly test such hypotheses, analyses need to be conducted within a whole ecosystem framework which make use of community ecology methods in order to model ecosystem structural changes via trophic networks (i.e. food webs) through the recovery interval and beyond. This project will explore a novel approach to pushing the frontiers of palaeobiological research via interdisciplinary methods combining recent advances in ecological modelling with palaeontology. Specifically, we will test how marine ecosystems recovered from the PTME and whether this biotic crisis truly represented the beginning of the origins of modern marine ecosystem structure. We will use the rich marine fossil record from South China to model community structure across the PTME and long recovery interval through the Triassic whilst accounting for preservation bias in the fossil record. We will then use the Paleo Foodweb Inference Model to build food webs from ecological traits easily identifiable from the fossil record and then track community structure and function across the PTME and into the recovery interval in the Triassic. This analysis will provide the most precise analysis of how the largest mass extinction in Earth history altered marine ecosystem structure and whether this event heralded the onset of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution and the origins of modern marine ecosystem structure.

二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝（Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction，PTME）。252 Ma）是中生代最具灾难性的生物事件，多达96%的海洋动物灭绝。这一事件是由大规模火山爆发引发的，火山爆发导致了一系列海洋环境级联反应，如迅速和极端的温室升温、海洋缺氧和海洋酸化。PTME对生命的进化产生了长期持久的影响，目前的观点认为海洋生态系统的恢复需要500万到5000万年的时间。也有人假设，PTME造成了世界海洋生态系统的永久性转变，标志着古生代底栖生态系统的结束，主要由无柄悬浮饲养者组成，并催化了“中生代海洋革命”，这是一场捕食者-猎物的军备竞赛，导致生态复杂性不断增加。然而，以前的尝试量化的速度和性质的恢复间隔从PTME依赖于间接措施的生态系统结构和复杂性，如汇编的分类与功能多样性，生态系统恢复的定性解释，并试图通过时间来量化生活习惯的变化和捕食强度的证据。然而，为了彻底检验这些假设，需要在整个生态系统框架内进行分析，该框架利用群落生态学方法，通过营养网络（即食物网）对恢复期间及以后的生态系统结构变化进行建模。该项目将探索一种新的方法，通过跨学科的方法，结合生态建模与古生物学的最新进展，推动古生物学研究的前沿。具体来说，我们将测试海洋生态系统如何从PTME中恢复，以及这种生物危机是否真正代表了现代海洋生态系统结构起源的开始。我们将使用丰富的海洋化石记录，从中国南方到模型的群落结构跨PTME和长恢复间隔，通过三叠纪，同时占保存的化石记录的偏见。然后，我们将使用古食物网推理模型，从化石记录中容易识别的生态特征建立食物网，然后跟踪整个PTME的群落结构和功能，并进入三叠纪的恢复期。这一分析将提供最精确的分析，说明地球历史上最大规模的物种灭绝如何改变海洋生态系统结构，以及这一事件是否预示着中生代海洋革命的开始和现代海洋生态系统结构的起源。