HIV/AIDS AND AGING--ATTENTION, WORKLOAD, AND MULTI TASKS

该试点研究计划提案响应了所列主题领域（艾滋病毒/艾滋病和老龄化）和NIA计划公告99-049。申请人广泛的长期目标包括阐明艾滋病毒/艾滋病和衰老对认知功能的综合影响。在过去几年中，50岁以上的成人中的艾滋病增加了两倍多，目前的估计表明，10%的MDS成人超过50岁，3%超过60岁。然而，大多数关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的神经心理学研究都集中在年轻人身上。此外，尽管艾滋病相关痴呆似乎在老年人中更为普遍，但很少有研究关注老年艾滋病毒阳性成年人的特定认知处理能力。本提案的具体目标包括检查年轻和老年HIV-和HIV+成人的信息处理（视觉选择性注意）、工作负荷和多任务表现（单任务、双任务和多任务条件）。将使用SuperLab软件（NIH开发）和多属性任务组合（NASA兰利开发）在台式计算机上评估性能。将使用NASA TLX（由几个主观评定量表组成）测量主观评分。先前的研究结果表明，心理速度和注意力能力在老年HW+成人中受到不同程度的干扰，特别是在艾滋病患者中。主观评价是一个有用的人因概念，可以区分主体状态/努力和主体表现。由于许多HIV阳性成年人会进行正常的行为（如驾驶汽车），因此需要评估多任务性能，以确定在更现实的性能情况下的缺陷。核心假设是，认知缺陷将是最大的老年艾滋病毒+成人，特别是在MDS病例。老年HIV+成人的差异性缺陷也预计会随着任务难度和任务复杂性的增加而增加。选择性注意力某些方面的缺陷（如视觉搜索，但可能不是过滤）被认为是预测多任务性能下降的因素。与艾滋病毒相关的主观工作量差异将与艾滋病毒相关的表现差异进行比较。

This pilot research program proposal responds to a listed topic area (HIV/AIDS and aging) und& NIA Program Announcement 99-049. The applicant's broad, long-term objectives include the elucidation of the combined effects of HIV/AIDS and aging on cognitive functioning. AIDS in adults over the age of 50 years has more than tripled over the last several years and current estimates suggest that 10% of adults with MDS are over 50 years old and 3% are over 60 years old. However, most neuropsychological studies of HIV/AIDS have focused on younger adults. In addition, although an AIDS-related dementia appears to be more prevalent in older adults, little research has focused on specific cognitive processing abilities in older HIV+ adults. Specific aims of the present proposal include the examination of information processing (visual selective attention), workload, and multi- task performance (single, dual, and multi-task task conditions) in younger and older HIV- and HIV+ adults. Performance will be assessed on a desktop computer using SuperLab software (developed at NIH) and the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (developed at NASA Langley). Workload will be measured with the NASA TLX, comprising of several subjective rating scales. Previous results suggest that psychomotor speed and attention ability are differentially disrupted in older HW+ adults, especially in those with AIDS. Workload is a useful human factors concept that can differentiate subject state/effort and subject performance. Because many HIV+ adults perform normal behaviors,(such as driving a car), multi-task performance is assessed to determine deficiencies in more realistic performance situations. The central hypothesis is that cognitive deficits will be largest in older HIV+ adults, especially in MDS cases. Differential deficits in older HIV+ adults are also predicted to increase with task difficulty and task complexity. Deficits in certain aspects of selective attention (such as visual search but, perhaps not filtering) are proposed to predict declining multi- task performance. And HIV-related differences in subjective workload will be compared to HIV-related differences in performance.