RISK FACTORS FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

本项目的目的是在以人群为基础的队列中评估ADHD的环境、生殖和家庭危险因素。我们正在对约翰斯顿县学校系统中的所有8000名小学生进行ADHD筛查，首先是通过老师填写的表格，然后是通过家长访谈。该项目的主要目的是描述ADHD的患病率以及它如何随年龄、种族、性别和社会经济状况的变化而变化，检验早产和早产儿患ADHD风险较高的假设，并评估母亲吸烟、母亲职业、母亲饮酒和怀孕并发症作为ADHD危险因素的作用。我们开发了一种实用的方法，将ADHD的临床病例标准应用于流行病学环境。这使我们能够提供以前没有的关于ADHD的流行率、风险因素和治疗模式的重要信息。在数据收集的第一年，我们在筛选前8所学校时获得了83%的回应率。我们的初步数据显示，确诊的ADHD患病率约为10%，大约7%的小学儿童正在服用药物治疗ADHD。在对人群进行筛查后，在4所学校进行的预试数据显示，真实的患病率可能约为15%，是DSM-IV官方估计的三倍。此外，我们发现，几乎40%的病例以前没有被诊断出来，几乎三分之一的接受药物治疗的儿童仍然表现出足够的症状和损害，看起来像是病例。-注意力缺陷障碍、早产、多动症、铅、儿童、杀虫剂、流行病学、行为-人类受试者：仅采访、问卷或调查

The purpose of this project is to evaluate environmental, reproductive, and familial risk factors for ADHD within a population-based cohort. We are in the process of screening all 8,000 elementary school students in the Johnston County School system for ADHD, first through teacher completed forms and later through parent interviews. The primary aims of the project are to describe the prevalence of ADHD and how it varies by age, race, gender, and SES, to test the hypothesis that preterm and post-term births are at higher risk for ADHD and to evaluate the role of maternal smoking, maternal occupation, maternal alcohol consumption and pregnancy complications as risk factors for ADHD.We have developed a practical method to apply clinical case criteria for ADHD to an epidemiologic setting. This allows us to provide important information that has not previously been available on prevalence, risk factors, and treatment patterns of ADHD.In the first year of data collection, we obtained an 83% response rate in screening the first 8 schools. Our initial data suggest the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD is about 10% and that about 7% of all children in the elementary schools are taking medication to treat ADHD. After screening the population, data from a pretest conducted in 4 schools suggests that the true prevalence might be about 15%, three times the official estimate from DSM-IV. In addition, we found that almost 40% of the cases had not been previously diagnosed and almost a third of the children being treated with medication were still showing enough symptoms and impairment to look like cases. - Attention Deficit Disorder, preterm birth, ADHD, lead, children, pesticides, epidemiology, behavior, - Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only