DIAGNOSTIC ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (EM)

透射式电子显微镜(EM)被用作诊断多种肿瘤和非肿瘤性疾病的辅助程序，在精心选择的诊断困境中非常有用。诊断EM服务的主要目标是：(1)在患者标本中提供EM诊断；(2)有助于理解NIH各种方案中研究的疾病的发病机制；(3)协助研究人员制定研究方案，提出与EM相关的特定问题。以下总结了过去几年的成就。(1)对118例患者的组织进行了EM处理和诊断。(2)对另外172个研究标本进行处理和评价以确定研究方案(3)EM有助于确定NIH试验中使用的药物菲尿苷对线粒体的损害(4)EM有助于确定NIH临床医生在IV型霉菌病患者中检测到的无氯萎缩性胃炎不是由于缺乏壁细胞，而是由于巨大溶酶体中的存储物质导致壁细胞功能障碍。(5)EM在显示畸形Smith-Lemli-Opitz综合征患者除胆固醇生物合成缺陷外，还可能存在细胞内低密度脂蛋白(LDL)降解的继发性缺陷，导致类似于Niemann Pick病的非酯化类固醇和溶酶体包涵体的异常积聚。(6)EM在淋巴网状细胞瘤的形态特征中起一定作用。-电子显微镜-人体组织、体液、细胞等

Transmission electron microscopy (EM) is used as an adjunct procedure in the diagnosis of a wide range of neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases and can be extremely useful in well chosen diagnostic dilemmas.The main objectives of the diagnostic EM service are: (1) to provide EM diagnosis in patient specimens (2) to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases studied in various NIH protocols and (3) to assist investigators in research protocols with specific EM-related questions. The last years accomplishments are summarized below. (1) A total of 118 patient tissues were processed and diagnosed by EM. (2) An additional 172 research specimens were processed and evaluated for research protocols (3) EM was instrumental in identifying the mitochondrial damage caused by the drug fialuridine that was used in NIH trials (4) EM was instrumental in defining that the achlorydric gastritis that was detected in patients with mycolipidosis type IV by NIH cllnicians was not due to lack of parietal cells, but rather to dysfunctional parietal cells because of storage material in giant lysosomes. (5) EM was important in showing that patients with the dysmorphic Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, in addition to their primary defect in cholesterol biosynthesis may have a secondary defect in the degradation of intracellular low denisity lipoproteins (LDL), resulting in abnormal accumulation of unesterified sterols and lysosomal inclusions similar to those seen in Niemann Pick disease. (6) EM played a role in the morphologic characterization of reticulum cell neoplasms in lymph nodes. - Electron microscopy, - Human Tissues, Fluids, Cells, etc.