Diagnostic Electron Microscopy (EM)

透射电子显微镜（EM）被用作一种辅助程序，在广泛的肿瘤性和非肿瘤性疾病的诊断，可以是非常有用的选择诊断困境。诊断电子显微镜服务的主要目标是：(1)提供病人标本的电子显微镜诊断；(2)有助于了解各种NIH方案中研究的疾病的发病机制；(3)协助研究人员在研究方案中提出具体的电子显微镜相关问题。去年的成果总结如下：(1)EM共处理和诊断了122例患者组织，于2000年2月15日成功进行了CAP检查，获得了CAP认证(2)另外处理和评估了117例研究标本，每个标本有多个样本，发表了5篇论文。(3)我们探索了在超微结构水平上使用非放射性同位素原位聚合酶链反应检测癌基因的可能性。1999年3月提交给USCAP病理学学会会议的一篇摘要（Lab Invest 2000; 80:225A(1325)）获得了美国超微结构病理学学会的荣誉提名(4)引入了免疫电镜，以协助NIH研究人员解决与临床相关的问题。(a)免疫电镜标记显示，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）包膜蛋白gp4在感染艾滋病毒的痴呆患者的大脑中作为细胞外聚集体积累- Caffrey， M.等人：J Biol Chem 2000；275:19877 - 19882。(b)免疫电镜标记显示，在易患异氟醚诱导肝炎的患者中，异氟烷代谢物与肝脏蛋白结合并定位于线粒体中- Njoku， D.等人：（提交）。(c)免疫电镜标记显示瘦素在培养的前脂肪细胞和成熟组织脂肪细胞中的定位位点- Bornstein， S.R.等。糖尿病2000;49:532 - 538。

Transmission electron microscopy (EM) is used as an adjunct procedure in the diagnosis of a wide range of neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases and can be extremely useful in well chosen diagnostic dilemmas. The main objectives of the diagnostic EM service are: (1) to provide EM diagnosis in patient specimens (2) to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases studied in various NIH protocols and (3) to assist investigators in research protocols with specific EM-related questions. The last year's accomplishments are summarized below:(1) A total of 122 patient tissues were processed and diagnosed by EM. Successful CAP inspection occurred on 2/15/00 leading to CAP certification (2) An additional 117 research specimens with multiple samples per specimen were processed and evaluated, resulting in 5 publications. (3) We explored the possibility to use a non radioisotopic in situ polymerase chain reaction at the ultrastrucutral level for the detection of oncogenes. An abstract submitted to the USCAP Academy of Pathology meeting in March of 1999 (Lab Invest 2000; 80:225A (1325)) won honorary mention from the Society of Ultrastructural Pathology (4) Immuno EM was introduced to assist NIH investigators in resolving questions with clinical relevance. Examples and puplications are shown below: (a) Immuno EM labeling showed the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp4 to accumulate as an extracellular aggregate in the brains of HIV-infected patients with dementia - Caffrey, M. et al: J Biol Chem 2000; 275:19877-19882 .(b) Immuno EM labeling showed that in patients susceptible to isoflurane-induced hepatitis, isufluorane metabolites bind to liver proteins and are localized in mitochondria- Njoku, D. et al: (Submitted).(c) Immuno EM labeling showed sites of leptin localization in cultured preadipocytes and mature tissue adipocytes- Bornstein, S.R. et al. Diabetes 2000; 49:532-538 .