AGING STEREOTYPES--ELDER PERFORMANCE

老龄化刻板印象——老年人的表现

• 批准号: 6217034
• 负责人: Norbert Werner Schwarz
• 金额: $ 10.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-30 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6217034
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical biomedical equipment; clinical research; comprehension; functional ability; health behavior; human old age (65+); human subject; neural information processing; performance; prejudice; psychomotor function; self concept; social psychology; therapy compliance

Geriatric medical facilities and cognitive aging research laboratories expose older adults to features that activate aging stereotypes. Any activation of aging stereotypes, however, also activates corresponding self-evaluative concerns when an older adult confronts a task for which the stereotype implies a likely age-related performance deficit. These self-evaluative concerns drain cognitive capacity, thus reducing older adults' performance on resource intensive tasks, ranging from neuropsychological tests to the comprehension of medical information the are to remember. Drawing on basic social psychological research into stereotype threat, we investigate the role of these influences in medical environments and address mechanisms that can reduce the impact of stereotype threat. We test (a) if the activation of aging stereotypes interferes with older adults' performance on tasks that involve controlled (mentally effortful) processing, including following complex instructions to take medications or learning to use an unfamiliar glucose monitor, but (b) not with their performance on tasks that involve automatic (low effort) processing. Moreover, we (c) identify the features of medical and research settings that activate aging stereotypes and (d) develop procedures that reduce stereotype threat in these settings. Based on this research, we (e) develop guidelines for procedures that minimize stereotype threat in medical settings and (f) will elucidate aging researchers and health practitioners abut the influence of stereotype threat and the procedures that minimize this influence, thus allowing older adults to perform up to their potential.

老年医学设施和认知老化研究实验室 使老年人接触到激活老年刻板印象的特征。任何 然而，老化刻板印象的激活也激活了相应的 当一个老年人面对一项任务时， 这种刻板印象意味着可能与年龄有关的表现缺陷。这些 自我评价的关注消耗认知能力，从而减少老年人的 成年人在资源密集型任务上的表现， 神经心理学测试对医学信息的理解 要记住。利用基本的社会心理学研究， 刻板印象的威胁，我们调查这些影响在医学中的作用， 环境和解决机制，可以减少的影响， 刻板印象威胁我们测试（a）老化刻板印象的激活是否 干扰老年人在涉及控制的任务上的表现 （精神上的努力）处理，包括遵循复杂的指令 服用药物或学习使用不熟悉的血糖监测仪，但 (b)而不是他们在涉及自动（低）任务上的表现 努力）处理。此外，我们（c）确定医疗和 研究环境，激活老龄化的陈规定型观念和（d）发展 在这些环境中减少刻板印象威胁的程序。基于此 研究，我们（e）制定程序指南，尽量减少 刻板印象威胁在医疗环境和（f）将阐明老化 研究人员和健康从业人员担心刻板印象的影响 威胁和尽量减少这种影响的程序，从而使 老年人发挥他们的潜力。