AGING STEREOTYPES--ELDER PERFORMANCE

老龄化刻板印象——老年人的表现

• 批准号: 6098533
• 负责人: Norbert Werner Schwarz
• 金额: $ 10.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-15 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6098533
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical biomedical equipment; clinical research; comprehension; functional ability; health behavior; human old age (65+); human subject; neural information processing; performance; prejudice; psychomotor function; self concept; social psychology; therapy compliance

Geriatric medical facilities and cognitive aging research laboratories expose older adults to features that activate aging stereotypes. Any activation of aging stereotypes, however, also activates corresponding self-evaluative concerns when an older adult confronts a task for which the stereotype implies a likely age-related performance deficit. These self-evaluative concerns drain cognitive capacity, thus reducing older adults' performance on resource intensive tasks, ranging from neuropsychological tests to the comprehension of medical information the are to remember. Drawing on basic social psychological research into stereotype threat, we investigate the role of these influences in medical environments and address mechanisms that can reduce the impact of stereotype threat. We test (a) if the activation of aging stereotypes interferes with older adults' performance on tasks that involve controlled (mentally effortful) processing, including following complex instructions to take medications or learning to use an unfamiliar glucose monitor, but (b) not with their performance on tasks that involve automatic (low effort) processing. Moreover, we (c) identify the features of medical and research settings that activate aging stereotypes and (d) develop procedures that reduce stereotype threat in these settings. Based on this research, we (e) develop guidelines for procedures that minimize stereotype threat in medical settings and (f) will elucidate aging researchers and health practitioners abut the influence of stereotype threat and the procedures that minimize this influence, thus allowing older adults to perform up to their potential.

老年医疗设施和认知老化研究实验室 让老年人接触到激活衰老刻板印象的功能。任何 然而，老化刻板印象的激活也会激活相应的 当老年人面临一项任务时的自我评估关注 这种刻板印象意味着可能存在与年龄相关的表现缺陷。这些 自我评估的担忧会耗尽认知能力，从而减少衰老 成年人在资源密集型任务上的表现，范围从 神经心理学测验对医学信息理解的影响 就是记住。借鉴社会心理学的基本研究成果 刻板印象威胁，我们调查了这些影响在医学上的作用 环境和解决机制，可以减少 刻板印象的威胁。我们测试(A)老化刻板印象的激活是否 干扰老年人在涉及受控的任务中的表现 (精神上费力的)处理，包括遵循复杂的指令 服用药物或学习使用不熟悉的血糖监测仪，但 (B)在涉及自动(低)的任务中的表现不佳 努力)处理。此外，我们(C)确定了医疗和医疗服务的特点 激活老化陈规定型观念的研究环境和(D)制定 在这些环境中减少刻板印象威胁的程序。在此基础上 研究，我们(E)制定程序的指导方针，将 医疗环境中的刻板印象威胁和(F)将阐明衰老 研究人员和健康从业者关注刻板印象的影响 威胁和将这种影响降至最低的程序，从而允许 老年人发挥他们的潜力。