Nuclear Physics consolidated grant

核物理综合拨款

• 批准号: ST/J000124/1
• 负责人: Robert Wadsworth
• 金额: $ 143.72万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FJ000124%2F1
• 关键词: Nuclear; Physics; consolidated; grant

The atomic nucleus was 'discovered' by Ernest Rutherford a hundred years ago. It comprises the tiny massive core at the centre of the atom. We now know that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, and that these particles are themselves comprised of quarks, but this does not allow us to make a complete prediction of the behaviour of any given nucleus or isotope. The system is too complex, involving three of the four forces: the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear forces. The behaviour of the nucleus is often described as an emergent phenomenon as it cannot be readily predicted from its component parts. This drives theoretical effort and the need to benchmark theory with precision measurements. Our group addresses several fascinating aspects of the atomic nucleus: We study nuclei on the very limits of stability, in particular those with an excess of protons, and those which have the same number of protons and neutrons (N=Z nuclei). These nuclei exhibit special symmetries and deviations from these symmetries tell us very detailed information on the validity of competing nuclear models. Such measurements are very challenging as these nuclei are very difficult to produce in any quantity to perform experiments on. Our programme uses some of the principal facilities for nuclear physics worldwide where such exotic nuclei can be produced. A further aspect of our research into the structure of the nucleus concerns the shape of the nucleus. It is a remarkable property of the nucleus that it can adopt different shapes: spherical, oblate (smartie-shaped) and prolate (rugby-ball shaped) often for a small costs in energy. Predicting the shape of a nucleus and how this shape evolves as the nucleus is excited (given more energy) is extremely challenging from a theoretical perspective. Determining nuclear shape experimentally can help to discriminate between competing models of the nucleus and pin down our theoretical understanding. The third strand of our research is into the origin of the chemical elements in stars, and the role played by nuclear physics in this question. Some elements and isotopes are only produced in very hot and exotic events such as exploding stars: novae and supernovae. In these events, a rapid series of nuclear reactions takes place. We seek to understand how rapidly such reactions take place by reproducing them in the laboratory. This is very challenging as many of the nuclei involved in these studies are themselves radioactive and difficult to produce. Nevertheless, we are able to advance our understanding of how the chemical elements are created.

原子核是欧内斯特·卢瑟福在一百年前“发现”的。它包括原子中心的微小而巨大的核心。我们现在知道，原子核是由质子和中子组成的，而这些粒子本身又是由夸克组成的，但这并不允许我们对任何给定的原子核或同位素的行为作出完全的预测。这个系统太复杂了，涉及四种力中的三种：电磁力、弱核力和强核力。原子核的行为通常被描述为一种涌现现象，因为它不能从其组成部分中轻易预测。这推动了理论工作和需要用精确的测量来基准理论。我们的小组研究了原子核的几个有趣方面：我们研究稳定极限的原子核，特别是那些具有过量质子的原子核，以及那些具有相同数量质子和中子的原子核（N=Z原子核）。这些原子核表现出特殊的对称性，偏离这些对称性告诉我们非常详细的信息竞争核模型的有效性。这种测量是非常具有挑战性的，因为这些核很难产生任何数量的进行实验。我们的计划使用一些主要的核物理设施，在世界各地的这种奇异的核可以生产。我们研究原子核结构的另一个方面涉及原子核的形状。原子核的一个显著特性是，它可以采用不同的形状：球形，扁球形（smartie形）和长球形（橄榄球形），通常需要很小的能量成本。从理论的角度来看，预测原子核的形状以及这种形状如何随着原子核被激发（给予更多能量）而演变是非常具有挑战性的。通过实验确定核的形状有助于区分核的竞争模型，并确定我们的理论理解。我们研究的第三个方面是恒星中化学元素的起源，以及核物理在这个问题中所起的作用。一些元素和同位素只在非常热和奇异的事件中产生，例如爆炸的恒星：新星和超新星。在这些事件中，会发生一系列快速的核反应。我们试图通过在实验室中重现这些反应来了解这些反应发生的速度。这是非常具有挑战性的，因为这些研究中涉及的许多核本身具有放射性，难以生产。尽管如此，我们能够推进我们对化学元素是如何产生的理解。

项目成果

Detailed a -decay study of Tl 180

Tl 180 的详细 a 衰变研究

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.96.054327
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Andel B

CAKE: the coincidence array for K600 experiments

CAKE：K600 实验的重合阵列

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/t02004
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Adsley P

Measurement of radiative proton capture on 18F and implications for oxygen-neon novae.

18F 辐射质子捕获的测量及其对氧氖新星的影响。

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.262502
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Akers C

Properties of 12 C resonances determined from the 10 B( 3 He, p a a a ) and 11 B( 3 He, d a a a ) reactions studied in complete kinematics

根据完整运动学研究的 10 B( 3 He, p a a a ) 和 11 B( 3 He, d a a a ) 反应确定的 12 C 共振特性

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.86.064306
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Alcorta M

Evidence for a smooth onset of deformation in the neutron-rich Kr isotopes.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.062701
• 发表时间: 2012-02
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: M. Albers;N. Warr;K. Nomura;A. Blazhev;J. Jolie;D. Mücher;B. Bastin;C. Bauer;C. Bernards