Nuclear Physics Consolidated Grant 2023

核物理综合补助金 2023

• 批准号: ST/Y000242/1
• 负责人: Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg
• 金额: $ 399.87万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FY000242%2F1
• 关键词: Nuclear; Physics; Consolidated; Grant; 2023

The majority of the visible mass of the universe is made up of atomic nuclei that lie at the centre of atoms. Nuclear physics seeks to answer fundamental questions such as: "How do the laws of physics work when driven to the extremes? What are the fundamental constituents and fabric of the universe and how do they interact? How did the universe begin and how is it evolving? What is the nature of nuclear and hadronic matter?" The aim of our research is to study and measure the properties of atomic nuclei and hot nuclear matter as a route to answering these fundamental questions. Our research is built around our expertise in instrumentation and exploits the large investments previously made into detectors, data acquisition and experimental methods. Such instruments include the ALICE inner tracker detector aimed at the study of the most exotic state of matter known, the quark-gluon plasma; the advanced gamma-ray tracking array AGATA exploring nuclei at the extremes of spin and isospin; and the solenoidal spectrometer ISS studying the role of individual nucleons in complex exotic nuclei. We will study the evolution of nuclear shapes and structure following changes in proton and neutron numbers and their influence on the formation of atoms, right up to the heaviest man-made elements. We will study exotic nuclei that determine the composition of elements found on earth and in the universe, and what ultimately determines the limits of proton and neutron number that can be bound into an atomic nucleus. We will also study the collisions of heavy ions at nearly the speed of light where conditions close to the big bang can be replicated.Throughout this ambitious experimental programme we will continue to share our technical expertise to support all groups in the UK via our core of specialist cross-community engineers in the pursuit of their own research priorities, and play active roles in large international experimental facilities, such as CERN in Switzerland & France or FAIR in Germany.

宇宙中大部分可见物质是由位于原子中心的原子核组成的。核物理学试图回答一些基本问题，例如：“当物理定律被推向极端时，它们是如何工作的？”宇宙的基本组成和结构是什么，它们如何相互作用？宇宙是如何开始的，又是如何演化的？核物质和强子物质的本质是什么？“我们研究的目的是研究和测量原子核和热核物质的性质，作为回答这些基本问题的途径。我们的研究是建立在我们在仪器方面的专业知识，并利用以前对探测器，数据采集和实验方法的大量投资。这类仪器包括：ALICE内部跟踪探测器，旨在研究已知的最奇异的物质状态-夸克-胶子等离子体;先进的伽马射线跟踪阵列AGATA，用于探测自旋和同位旋极端的原子核;以及螺线管光谱仪国际空间站，用于研究单个核子在复杂的奇异原子核中的作用。我们将研究质子和中子数量变化后核形状和结构的演变及其对原子形成的影响，直到最重的人造元素。我们将研究决定地球和宇宙中发现的元素组成的奇异核，以及最终决定可以绑定到原子核的质子和中子数的限制。我们还将研究重离子以接近光速的碰撞，在那里可以复制接近大爆炸的条件。在这个雄心勃勃的实验计划中，我们将继续分享我们的技术专长，通过我们的专业跨社区工程师核心支持英国的所有团体追求自己的研究重点，并在大型国际实验设施中发挥积极作用，例如瑞士和法国的CERN或德国的FAIR。