权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Planetary Science Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London: Consolidated Grant Proposal

伦敦大学伯克贝克分校地球与行星科学系行星科学小组：综合拨款提案

基本信息

批准号：
ST/K000829/1
负责人：
Ian Crawford
金额：
$ 11.63万
依托单位：
Birkbeck, University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FK000829%2F1
关键词：
Planetary Science Group Department Earth

项目摘要

This application for a Consolidated Grant is to support planetary science research at Birkbeck, University of London. The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Birkbeck hosts a relatively small, but very active, planetary science research group, specialising principally in lunar science and exploration, meteoritics, and astrobiology. Over the last five years our group has led (i.e. has first-authorship of) 25 peer reviewed papers in the international planetary science literature, has made significant contributions (i.e. co-authorship of) 19 additional peer reviewed publications, and contributed over 75 additional publications (including over 55 extended abstracts presented at major international conferences). The present application is intended to advance our work in these areas by providing support for one post-doctoral research assistant and two Ph.D. studentships in the areas of astrobiology early solar system studies, and lunar sample analysis. All three areas fit into national and international priorities for planetary science, and in recent years our group has demonstrated international leadership in all three areas.The specific projects to be supported by the present grant application are:(1) "Searching for Past or Present Life on Mars Guided by Earth-Based Analogues: Maximising the Astrobiological Potential of Planetary Rovers". This project is designed to assist in the search for past or present life on Mars using rover-borne multi-spectral imaging systems to allow the correct identification and interpretation of astrobiologically relevant minerals on the planet's surface (e.g. minerals that formed in the presence of water). This information will be used to inform operating procedures for ESA's ExoMars mission, and other similar missions which may be planned in the future. (2) "Mixing Material in the Early Solar System - a Meteoritic Study". The Solar System formed from solar nebula about 4.6 Ga ago. Meteorites generally represent material left over from this earliest phase of solar system history, and give us insight into processes that occurred during the formation of planetary bodies. This study will investigate mixing of material within parts of the solar nebula via the detailed study of fragments of different meteorite types embedded within meteorite breccias, i.e. material accreted by impact to the surface of an unrelated asteroid. These fragments ("lithic clasts") are pieces of a wide variety of meteorite types, including some that are different from any known meteorite type. A study of such material will greatly extend our knowledge of the varieties of planetesimals that existed in the early stages of planetary accretion. (3) "Constraining the Source Localities of Lunar Meteorites by Combining Spacecraft Remote Sensing Data with Laboratory Sample Analysis". This project will combine lunar geochemical remote sensing data with laboratory-determined compositions of lunar meteorites to constrain the launch localities of the latter. This will enable the ages, petrography, minor- and trace-element compositions, and isotope geochemistry (all of which can be determined by laboratory analyses of the meteorites, but none of which cannot be determined by remote sensing alone) to be used to interpret the geological history of the individual launch localities on the Moon. The only other means of obtaining comparable information would be to target dedicated sample return missions to these localities, so exploring the extent to which lunar meteorites may yield comparable information on shorter timescales and at less expense is desirable before committing to such missions. All these projects fall within the high priority 'Science Challenges' identified by STFC, specifically 'Science Challenge B': How do stars and planetary systems develop and is life unique to our planet? A major subsidiary objective of our programme is the training of young scientists in these key areas of planetary science.

这份申请是为了支持伦敦大学伯克贝克学院的行星科学研究。地球和行星科学系在伯克贝克主持一个相对较小，但非常活跃，行星科学研究小组，主要专注于月球科学和探索，陨石学和天体生物学。在过去的五年中，我们的团队在国际行星科学文献中领导了25篇同行评审论文（即第一作者），对19篇同行评审出版物做出了重大贡献（即共同作者），并贡献了超过75篇出版物（包括在主要国际会议上发表的超过55篇扩展摘要）。本申请旨在通过为一名博士后研究助理和两名博士生提供支持来推进我们在这些领域的工作。在天体生物学、早期太阳系研究和月球样品分析领域提供奖学金。这三个领域都符合国家和国际行星科学的优先事项，近年来，我们的小组在这三个领域都表现出国际领导地位。这次申请资助的具体项目是：（1）“在地球类似物的指导下寻找火星上的过去或现在的生命：最大限度地发挥行星漫游者的天体生物学潜力”。该项目旨在利用火星车搭载的多光谱成像系统协助寻找火星上过去或现在的生命，以便能够正确识别和解释火星表面与天体生物学有关的矿物（例如，在有水的情况下形成的矿物）。这些信息将用于为欧空局的ExoMars使命以及未来可能计划的其他类似任务提供操作程序。(2)早期太阳系中的混合物质-陨石研究。太阳系形成于4.6 Ga前的太阳星云。陨石通常代表太阳系历史最早阶段遗留下来的物质，并让我们深入了解行星体形成过程中发生的过程。这项研究将通过详细研究嵌在陨石角砾岩中的不同类型陨石碎片，即撞击到无关小行星表面所积聚的物质，调查太阳星云各部分内物质的混合情况。这些碎片（“岩屑碎屑”）是各种陨石类型的碎片，包括一些与任何已知陨石类型不同的陨石。对这些物质的研究将大大扩展我们对行星吸积早期阶段存在的各种星子的知识。(3)“通过航天器遥感数据与实验室样品分析相结合限制月球陨石的来源地点”。该项目将把联合收割机月球地球化学遥感数据与实验室确定的月球陨石成分相结合，以限制后者的发射地点。这将使年龄，岩相学，微量元素和微量元素成分以及同位素地球化学（所有这些都可以通过对陨石的实验室分析来确定，但没有一个不能单独通过遥感来确定）被用来解释月球上各个发射地点的地质历史。获得可比信息的唯一其他手段是将专门的样本返回任务定位到这些地方，因此在承诺执行此类任务之前，探索月球陨石在更短的时间尺度上以更少的费用产生可比信息的程度是可取的。所有这些项目都属于STFC确定的高度优先的“科学挑战”，特别是“科学挑战B”：恒星和行星系统如何发展，生命是我们星球上独有的吗？我们方案的一个主要辅助目标是在行星科学的这些关键领域培训青年科学家。