Planetary Science Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London: Consolidated Grant Proposal

伦敦大学伯克贝克分校地球与行星科学系行星科学小组：综合拨款提案

• 批准号: ST/N000528/1
• 负责人: Ian Crawford
• 金额: $ 39.72万
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN000528%2F1
• 关键词: Planetary; Science; Group; Department; Earth

This application for a Consolidated Grant is to support planetary science research at Birkbeck, University of London. The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Birkbeck hosts a relatively small, but very active, planetary science research group, specialising principally in lunar and Mars research, icy satellites, meteoritics, and astrobiology. Over the last five years our group has led (i.e. has first-authorship of) 25 peer reviewed papers in the international planetary science literature, has made significant contributions (i.e. co-authorship of) 58 additional peer reviewed publications, and contributed over 70 extended abstracts presented at international conferences. The present application is intended to advance our work in these areas by providing support for 3 PDRAs and one PhD student on four planetary science projects, as follows:(1) "Constraining the source localities of lunar meteorites." We wish to extend this previously awarded three-year PhD studentship by six months to maximise scientific output and exploit synergies with Project (2).(2) "Determining the Source Locations of Martian Meteorites." The exploration of Mars lies at the heart of the attempt to understand how planetary systems evolve and whether life is unique to Earth. Martian meteorites currently represent the only samples of Mars available for study and have provide a detailed understanding of the geochemistry of the martian crust. However, these meteorites have never been geochemically tied to source locations on Mars, meaning that their geological context is missing and that the information gleaned from them cannot confidently be used in studies of the geological and astrobiological evolution. The aim of this project is to link the geochemical analyses of martian meteorites to the geological evolution of Mars by combining a knowledge of the composition of martian meteorites with hyperspectral data of the surface of Mars to determine the source locations of the meteorites. (3) "Mercury: Constraints on its internal differentiation and chemical evolution." Mercury is the least well-known terrestrial planet and represents a planetary end-member with respect to its density and proximity to the Sun. It thus provides important constraints on planetary formation and evolution. In order to provide better constraints on suitable building blocks for Mercury and to constrain its thermo-chemical evolution, we aim to: (a) conduct a systematic set of experiments to investigate the partitioning behaviour of trace elements between solid and liquid mineral phases under conditions relevant to the interior of Mercury; (b) conduct detailed analysis of EH and CB chondrites that have been proposed to be the building blocks for Mercury; and (c) model the fractional crystallization trends for the Mercurian mantle based on the major element compositions of partial melts of the Mercurian mantle composition based on the chondrite results.(4) "Detection of life's biosignatures on Mars guided by Earth-based analogues." The key to identifying past or present life on Mars is an integrated understanding of the geological capabilities for the preservation of biosignatures and the degenerative effects of the environment. Building on cross-disciplinary expertise, this study will combine experimental simulations, fieldwork, and spectroscopic analyses to create a synthesis of geological and biological methods to enable biosignature detection on Mars. The main objectives are to (a) identify characteristic spectroscopic biosignatures in rocks from several distinct Mars analogue environments; (b) catalogue the IR spectroscopic biosignatures of extant life; and (c) quantify the spectral modification of biosignatures within geological materials after exposure to martian UV radiation. The results will inform future Mars exploration activities, and will aid in the interpretation of data collected by ESA's ExoMars rover to be launched towards the end of the Project.

这份申请是为了支持伦敦大学伯克贝克学院的行星科学研究。地球和行星科学系在伯克贝克主持一个相对较小，但非常活跃，行星科学研究小组，主要专注于月球和火星的研究，冰卫星，陨石学和天体生物学。在过去的五年中，我们的团队在国际行星科学文献中领导了25篇同行评审论文（即第一作者），对另外58篇同行评审出版物做出了重大贡献（即共同作者），并在国际会议上发表了70多篇扩展摘要。本申请旨在通过为3名PDRA和1名博士生提供以下四个行星科学项目的支持来推进我们在这些领域的工作：（1）“限制月球陨石的来源地”。“我们希望将之前授予的三年制博士生奖学金延长六个月，以最大限度地提高科学产出，并利用与项目（2）的协同作用。(2)“确定火星陨石的来源位置。“探索火星是试图了解行星系统如何演变以及生命是否是地球独有的核心。火星陨石是目前唯一可供研究的火星样品，并提供了对火星地壳地球化学的详细了解。然而，这些陨石从来没有在地球化学上与火星上的来源地联系在一起，这意味着它们的地质背景是缺失的，从它们那里收集到的信息不能自信地用于地质和天体生物学演化的研究。该项目的目的是将火星陨石成分的知识与火星表面的超光谱数据相结合，以确定陨石的来源位置，从而将火星陨石的地球化学分析与火星的地质演变联系起来。(3)“汞：对其内部分化和化学演变的制约。“水星是最不为人所知的类地行星，就其密度和与太阳的接近程度而言，它代表了一个行星端元。因此，它对行星的形成和演化提供了重要的限制。为了更好地限制汞的合适组成部分，并限制其热化学演化，我们的目标是：（a）进行一系列系统的实验，研究在与汞内部相关的条件下，微量元素在固体和液体矿物相之间的分配行为;（B）对已被提议作为汞的组成部分的高血压和慢性乙型肝炎进行详细分析;（c）基于球粒陨石结果，根据水星地幔部分熔体的主要元素组成，模拟水星地幔的分离结晶趋势。(4)“在地球类似物的指导下探测火星上的生命生物特征。“识别火星上过去或现在生命的关键是综合了解保存生物特征和环境退化影响的地质能力。基于跨学科的专业知识，这项研究将结合联合收割机实验模拟，实地考察和光谱分析，以创建一个地质和生物方法的综合，使火星上的生物特征检测。主要目标是：（a）确定若干不同火星模拟环境中岩石的特征光谱生物特征;（B）对现存生命的红外光谱生物特征编目;（c）量化地质材料在暴露于火星紫外线辐射后生物特征的光谱变化。这些结果将为未来的火星探索活动提供信息，并将有助于解释欧空局在项目结束时发射的ExoMars漫游车收集的数据。

项目成果

Regions of interest (ROI) for future exploration missions to the lunar South Pole

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2019.104750
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Planetary and Space Science
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: J. Flahaut;J. Carpenter;Jean‐Pierre Williams;M. Anand;I. Crawford;W. Westrenen;E. Füri;Long Xiao;S. Zhao

Hapke mixture modeling applied to VNIR spectra of mafic mineral mixtures and shergottites: Implications for quantitative analysis of satellite data

Hapke 混合物模型应用于镁铁质矿物混合物和镁铁矿的 VNIR 光谱：对卫星数据定量分析的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/maps.13065
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Meteoritics & Planetary Science
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Harris J

The PanCam Instrument for the ExoMars Rover

Exomars Rover的Pancam乐器

• DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1548
• 发表时间: 2017-07-01
• 期刊: Astrobiology
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Coates AJ;Jaumann R;Griffiths AD;Leff CE;Schmitz N;Josset JL;Paar G;Gunn M;Hauber E;Cousins CR;Cross RE;Grindrod P;Bridges JC;Balme M;Gupta S;Crawford IA;Irwin P;Stabbins R;Tirsch D;Vago JL;Theodorou T;Caballo-Perucha M;Osinski GR
• 通讯作者: Osinski GR

The 2016 UK Space Agency Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation (MURFI)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2018.12.003
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Planetary and Space Science
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: M. Balme;M. Curtis-Rouse;S. Banham;D. Barnes;R. Barnes;A. Bauer;C. Bedford;J. Bridges;F. Butcher;P. Caballo-Perucha;A. Caldwell;A. Coates;C. Cousins;J. Davis;J. Dequaire;P. Edwards;P. Fawdon;K. Furuya;Matthew Gadd;P. Get;A. Griffiths;P. Grindrod;M. Gunn;Sunetra Gupta;R. Hansen;J. K. Harris;L. Hicks;J. Holt;B. Huber;C. Huntly;I. Hutchinson;L. Jackson;S. Kay;S. Kyberd;H. Lerman;M. Mchugh;W. McMahon;J. Muller;T. Ortner;G. Osinski;G. Paar;L. Preston;S. Schwenzer;R. Stabbins;Y. Tao;C. Traxler;S. Turner;L. Tyler;S. Venn;H. Walker;T. Wilcox;J. Wright;B. Yeomans

The petrology, geochemistry, and age of lunar regolith breccias Miller Range 090036 and 090070: Insights into the crustal history of the Moon

米勒范围 090036 和 090070 月球风化角砾岩的岩石学、地球化学和年龄：深入了解月球地壳历史

• DOI: 10.1111/maps.12737
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Meteoritics & Planetary Science
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Calzada-Diaz A