UNDERSTANDING CHILDHOOD CONDUCT PROBLEMS AND DEPRESSION

这个RSA应用程序的目的是扩大候选人的能力，了解两种类型的儿童疾病的发展，预防和治疗：行为问题和抑郁症。 候选人提出两个研究项目和一个专业发展计划。第一个项目（NIMH R 01 -50907）的目标是确定从婴儿期到儿童中期导致反社会行为的发展途径。 第一个假设是，第一年的父母与婴儿的互动，以婴儿的需求和母亲的反应迟钝为特征，导致了学龄前儿童互动的强制性循环，这反过来又扩展到儿童与学龄儿童的兄弟姐妹，同龄人和老师的关系。 它进一步假设，幼儿谁建立了一个模式的行为问题，已被拒绝的照顾者，并已显示出强制性的互动模式与成人和兄弟姐妹将更有可能表现出一个持久的模式，从6-12岁的行为问题。 这一模式将与310个样本进行测试，从婴儿期到学龄期，从低收入家庭的不同种族的男孩。第二个项目（NIMH PO 1 -56193）的目标是调查儿童期发病抑郁症（COD）母亲的后代中情绪调节杀死的选定属性和机制，这些属性和机制可能导致儿童自身患抑郁症的风险。 将COD组的后代与另外两组进行比较：（1）患有儿童期发作的焦虑症（AD）的先证者的后代，以及（2）没有儿童期发作的焦虑症（NCOD）的先证者的后代。 据推测，与AD和NCOD家庭相比，COD家庭在（1）儿童的调节策略，（2）母亲属性和（3）母亲养育方面会有更大的损害。 将采用加速纵向设计，以便在项目的五年跨度内从1至9岁的横截面和纵向评价组间差异。 参与者将包括132名COD，AD和NCOD先证者的后代。RSA的目的是允许候选人进行这两个研究项目，提高他的能力，培养学生，并通过扩大他的研究设计和方法，心理生理学，文化背景和干预研究的知识，以提高他的专业发展。

The aim of this RSA application is to expand the candidate's ability to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of two types of childhood disorders: conduct problems and depression. The candidate proposes two programs of research and a plan for professional development. The goal of the first program (NIMH R01-50907) is to identify developmental pathways leading to antisocial behavior from infancy to middle childhood. The first hypothesis is that parent-infant interaction in the first year, characterized by infant demandingness and maternal unresponsiveness, leads to coercive cycles of interaction at preschool-age, which in turn spread to relationships the child has with siblings, peers, and teachers at school-age. It is further hypothesized that the young child who as established a pattern of conduct problems, has been rejected by caregivers, and has shown coercive patterns of interaction with adults and siblings will more likely demonstrate a persistent pattern of conduct problems from ages 6-12. This model will be tested with a sample of 310, ethnically diverse boys from low-income families followed from infancy through school-age. The goal of the second program (NIMH PO1-56193) is to investigate selected attributes and mechanisms of emotion-regulatory kills in the offspring of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) that may contribute to the children's own risk for depressive disorders. The offspring in the COD group will be compared with two others: (1) the offspring of probands with childhood-onset anxiety disorder (AD), and (2) the offspring of probands with no childhood-onset disorder (NCOD). It is hypothesized that in COD families, there will be greater impairment in (1) the child's regulatory strategies, (2) maternal attributes, and (3) maternal parenting, in comparison to AD and NCOD families. An accelerated longitudinal design will be utilized so that group differences can be evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally from ages 1 to 9 during the five-year span of the project. Participants will include 132 offspring of COD, AD, and NCOD probands. The purpose of the RSA is to permit the candidate to conduct these two programs of research, to enhance his ability to train students, and to increase his professional development by broadening his knowledge of research design and methods, psychophysiology, cultural context, and intervention research.