THE EFFECT OF COCHLEAR LOSS ON SPECTRO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS

描述：（来自申请人摘要） 该项目的长期目标是了解 耳蜗受损的听众所经历的听力障碍。该项目 两个重点领域。第一个领域涉及以下重要性： 在语音的跨频率处理中的共调制。在这里，我们测试 假设低信噪比下语音理解可能取决于 听觉系统整合信息的能力 以给定的频率和时间与发生的其他信息一起出现 最近在其他光谱区域。这一问题将通过以下方式解决： 研究非同时共振峰的元音感知， 同步中断的语音识别， 异步地跨越频率。该领域的另一个主要目标是确定 在调制噪声中语音感知的部分优势是否 共调节掩蔽释放（CMR）。提出了新的方法， 应该在这一领域取得重大进展。此外，我们将确定 语音CMR的大小是否与 语音材料的难度/冗余，从 最近的阈上心理声学结果。这方面的初步研究 听力正常的听众将参与其中。 第二个研究领域将调查耳蜗听力损失的影响 关于精细时间信息的编码（在时间精细结构方面 和高频包络）。这种时间编码可能是至关重要的 用于音高感知、双耳分析和语音感知。敏感性 精细的时间线索将通过音高辨别来测量， 谐波和双耳间时间辨别（ITD）。我们还将 建立了一种利用未分辨谐波估计基音周期的新方法 作为频率函数的灵敏度对时间精细结构和时间 在人类听觉系统中。一旦建立，该方法将 用于确定听力障碍对暂时性听力损失的影响。 编码刺激的精细结构和包络。一个主要目标将是 检验单耳音高任务之间存在关系的假设 辨别和双耳ITD耳蜗受损的听众， 这些措施将与言语感知性能。一个相关 目标是测试增强的语音识别发现的假设， 梅尼埃的病人在甘油试验是由于改善， 对刺激的精细时间特征进行编码。

DESCRIPTION: (from applicant's abstract) The long-term aim of this project is an understanding of the causes for the hearing disability experienced by cochlear-impaired listeners. The project has two main areas of focus. The first area addresses the importance of comodulation in across-frequency processing of speech. Here we test the hypothesis that speech understanding at low signal-to-noise ratios may depend critically upon the ability of the auditory system to integrate information present at a given frequency and time with other information that has occurred recently at other spectral regions. This issue will be addressed by investigating vowel perception for nonsimultaneous formants, and the recognition of speech that is interrupted either synchronously or asynchronously across frequency. Another main goal in this area is to determine whether part of the advantage for speech perception in modulated noise is related to comodulation masking release (CMR). New methods are proposed that should realize important advances in this area. In addition, we will determine whether the magnitude of CMR for speech is related directly to the difficulty/redundancy of the speech material, a relation that is predicted from recent suprathreshold psychoacoustical results. The initial studies in this area will involve normal-hearing listeners. The second area of study will investigate the effect of cochlear hearing loss on the coding of fine temporal information (in terms of temporal fine structure and high-frequency envelope). Such temporal coding may be critically important for pitch perception, binaural analysis, and speech perception. Sensitivity to fine temporal cues will be measured via pitch discrimination for unresolved harmonics and binaural interaural time discrimination (ITD). We will also establish a new pitch perception method using unresolved harmonics to estimate sensitivity as a function of frequency to temporal fine structure and temporal envelope in the human auditory system. Once established, this method will be used to determine effects of hearing impairment on the ability to temporally code the fine structure and envelope of the stimulus. A main goal will be to test the hypothesis that there is a relation between monaural tasks of pitch discrimination and binaural ITD in cochlear-impaired listeners, and that both of these measures will be related to speech perception performance. A related goal is to test the hypothesis that the enhanced speech recognition found for Meniere's patients during the glycerol test is due to an improvement in the coding of the fine temporal features of the stimulus.