Hertfordshire Astronomy 2015-18

赫特福德郡天文学 2015-18

• 批准号: ST/M001008/1
• 负责人: Janet Drew
• 金额: $ 275.85万
• 依托单位: University of Hertfordshire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FM001008%2F1
• 关键词: Hertfordshire; Astronomy; 2015; 18

The Centre for Astrophysics Research carries out observational programmes spanning the wavelength range from X-ray to radio - supporting this by computer modelling and simulation. Our research ranges from observations of high-redshift galaxies at long wavelengths through to novel statistical analyses of observations seeking to detect planets outside our Solar System. In between these extremes, we carry out the largest multi-wavelength surveys conducted to date to understand the properties of the Milky Way and Magellanic System. Our research makes use of observations from all of the main European and international astronomical observatories, including ground-based observatories at optical, radio and submillimetre wavelengths, and space observatories at wavelengths ranging from the far infrared to X-rays. Computer simulations gives us a better understanding of the physical processes detected in our observations, and we need to apply advanced data-mining techniques to work with the ~terabyte datasets we are generating. Below is a brief description of our research in each of these areas.We perform searches of nearby stars to discover planets. We especially target low mass M stars since they are the dominant type of star in the Universe and have not yet been searched. We focus on detection through Doppler wobble and by looking for planets periodically eclipsing their parent star. During the period of the grant we expect to make the first detections of Earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. We also discover, follow-up and model the properties of the coolest brown dwarfs whose temperatures overlap with those of planets. These studies aim to clarify the population of brown dwarfs and to establish how their modes of formation fit in with those of their brethren of different masses, ie. heavier (stars) or lighter (planets). The Milky Way is our home galaxy. Material within it, in the form of gas and dust is the raw material for forming stars and planetary systems. At the end of stellar lives some of this material remains locked up in stellar remnants but much of it is returned in late superwind phases and supernova explosions. The cycle between accretion in youth and outflow in old age enriches the gaseous medium and rules its dynamics, via the thermal and mechanical energy injected into the gas. By using large area imaging surveys, our research looks at how gas, dust and stars within the Milky Way and its major satellite, the Magellanic Clouds, are linked up. Our surveys span the optical to sub-mm domains tracing stars, extinction, molecular clouds, their dust properties and associated star formation.Looking beyond the Milky Way, it is possible to appraise how stars form and evolve in different environments, from small dwarf galaxies to the outer parts of other galaxies like our own. We study the gas content of galaxies, providing the material for star formation, and link what we find to stellar populations and to star forming regions in the full range of local galaxies. By understanding the processes that trigger star formation and stellar evolution in the nearby Universe, we can apply this understanding to the very earliest galaxies and the first generations of stars in the distant Universe. Indeed some of our work focuses on high redshift galaxies detected with great efficiency at sub-millimetre wavelengths, and look forward to exploiting ALMA for such studies.A new generation of surveys is mapping out the most distant galaxies, and allows us to investigate what links the processes of star formation and the growth of supermassive black holes. We also use detailed X-ray and radio observations to measure the energy injected by jets ejected from supermassive black holes into distant galaxies and clusters of galaxies, affecting star formation and gas properties, and playing a long-term role in their evolutionary history.

天体物理研究中心开展的观测项目涵盖从 X 射线到无线电的波长范围 - 通过计算机建模和模拟来支持这一项目。我们的研究范围从长波长高红移星系的观测到寻求探测太阳系外行星的观测的新颖统计分析。在这两个极端之间，我们进行了迄今为止最大规模的多波长调查，以了解银河系和麦哲伦系统的特性。我们的研究利用了所有主要欧洲和国际天文台的观测结果，包括光学、无线电和亚毫米波长的地面天文台，以及从远红外到 X 射线波长范围的太空天文台。计算机模拟使我们能够更好地理解在观察中检测到的物理过程，并且我们需要应用先进的数据挖掘技术来处理我们正在生成的约 TB 数据集。以下是我们在每个领域的研究的简要描述。我们对附近的恒星进行搜索以发现行星。我们特别关注低质量 M 星，因为它们是宇宙中的主要恒星类型，并且尚未被搜索过。我们专注于通过多普勒摆动进行探测，并寻找周期性地遮蔽其母星的行星。在资助期间，我们预计将在附近恒星的宜居带中首次探测到地球质量的行星。我们还发现、跟踪和模拟最冷的褐矮星的特性，这些矮星的温度与行星的温度重叠。这些研究旨在澄清褐矮星的种群，并确定它们的形成模式如何与其不同质量的兄弟相适应，即。较重（恒星）或更轻（行星）。银河系是我们的家园星系。其中以气体和尘埃形式存在的物质是形成恒星和行星系统的原材料。在恒星生命结束时，其中一些物质仍然被锁在恒星残骸中，但其中大部分在超级风阶段和超新星爆炸后期返回。年轻时的吸积和老年时的流出之间的循环通过注入气体的热能和机械能丰富了气体介质并控制了其动力学。通过使用大面积成像调查，我们的研究着眼于银河系及其主要卫星麦哲伦云内的气体、尘埃和恒星是如何联系在一起的。我们的调查涵盖光学到亚毫米领域，追踪恒星、灭绝、分子云、它们的尘埃特性和相关的恒星形成。放眼银河系之外，可以评估恒星在不同环境中的形成和演化，从小型矮星系到像我们这样的其他星系的外部。我们研究星系的气体含量，为恒星形成提供材料，并将我们的发现与恒星种群和整个当地星系中的恒星形成区域联系起来。通过了解触发附近宇宙中恒星形成和恒星演化的过程，我们可以将这种理解应用于遥远宇宙中最早的星系和第一代恒星。事实上，我们的一些工作重点是在亚毫米波长下高效探测到的高红移星系，并期待利用 ALMA 进行此类研究。新一代的勘测正在绘制最遥远的星系，使我们能够研究恒星形成过程和超大质量黑洞生长之间的联系。我们还使用详细的 X 射线和射电观测来测量从超大质量黑洞喷射到遥远星系和星系团的喷流注入的能量，影响恒星的形成和气体特性，并在其演化历史中发挥长期作用。

项目成果

Ionospheric Modelling using GPS to Calibrate the MWA. II: Regional Ionospheric Modelling using GPS and GLONASS to Estimate Ionospheric Gradients

使用 GPS 进行电离层建模来校准 MWA。

• DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2016.22
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Arora B

Extinction Ratios in the Inner Galaxy as Revealed by the VVV Survey

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa92c3
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: J. Alonso-Garc'ia;D. Minniti;M. Catelán;R. Contreras Ramos;O. Gonzalez;M. Hempel;P. Lucas;R. Sait

A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri

• DOI: 10.1038/nature19106
• 发表时间: 2016-08-25
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Anglada-Escude, Guillem;Amado, Pedro J.;Zechmeister, Mathias
• 通讯作者: Zechmeister, Mathias

NO EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVITY CORRELATIONS IN THE RADIAL VELOCITIES OF KAPTEYN'S STAR

没有证据表明卡普坦星径向速度的活动相关性

• DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/830/2/74
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Anglada-Escudé G

A Machine-learning Method for Identifying Multiwavelength Counterparts of Submillimeter Galaxies: Training and Testing Using AS2UDS and ALESS

识别亚毫米星系多波长对应物的机器学习方法：使用 AS2UDS 和 ALESS 进行训练和测试

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacdaa
• 发表时间: 2018-06
• 期刊: Astrophysical Journal
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: An Fang Xia;Stach S M;Smail Ian;Swinbank A M;Almaini O;Simpson C;Hartley W;Maltby D T;Ivison R J;Arumugam V;Wardlow J L;Cooke E A;Gullberg B;Thomson A P;Chen Chian Chou;Simpson J M;Geach J E;Scott D;Dunlop J S;Farrah D;van der Werf P;Blain A W;Conselice C
• 通讯作者: Conselice C