Cusp electron beam source for terahertz gyro-amplifier

然而，对诸如武器、爆炸物、毒品、化学和生物材料的设想的违禁品的真实的时间视频速率高分辨率成像和感测受到缺乏高功率源以及特别是太赫兹辐射的宽带放大器的阻碍。基于斯特拉斯克莱德大学最近技术突破的陀螺放大器提供了一个独特的机会来填补这一长期存在的技术空白，并承诺在625和400 GHz下分别具有前所未有的10%瞬时带宽和无与伦比的100和200 W放大（W He et al PRL 2013，110，art 165101，2013）。这样的源还将通过（DNP）技术将核磁共振（NMR）和磁共振成像（MRI）的灵敏度提高许多数量级，并实现高场脉冲EPR（用于材料和生物分子表征）。EPR和DNP增强NMR（包括脉冲DNP-NMR的可能性以及相位和振幅调制的使用）实验将产生绝对世界领先的研究。它将有力地提高英国作为一个广泛的学术研究领域，包括物理，化学，生物，工程和医学的世界领导者的地位。以及EPR和DNP，这些来源也感兴趣的磁约束聚变用于等离子体诊断。因为放大器具有宽的瞬时带宽，所以与单频率源技术相比，它们可以被动态地调整到更宽范围的等离子体参数。由于大气吸收、穿透和散射损失，陀螺TWA将是云廓线雷达和大气污染物探测的理想源，实际的远距离系统需要相当大的功率，通常为数百瓦。其他应用包括高频远程安全成像、空间态势感知（探测空间碎片）、地形测绘（火山监测）、雷达干扰（制导导弹）和远程、高带宽、视线通信、隐藏爆炸物和非法毒品的真实的实时视频速率检测。陀螺TWA也是基于电子自旋量子比特的量子计算的理想源。新兴量子技术的一个世界领先的例子是与金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心相关的电子自旋的相干使用。为了获得足够的光谱分辨率，它需要在高磁场下以高功率（数百瓦）、高频率（数百GHz）对NV电子自旋进行快速相干控制。

Standoff, real time video rate high resolution imaging and sensing of conceived contrabands such as weapons, explosives, drugs, chemical and biological materials are hampered by the lack of high power sources and especially broadband amplifiers of terahertz radiation. The gyro-amplifiers based on a recent technological breakthrough at the University of Strathclyde offer a unique opportunity to fill this long standing technology gap and promise amplification with an unprecedented 10% instantaneous bandwidth and an unrivalled, 100 and 200 W respectively for 625 and 400 GHz (W He et al PRL 2013, 110, art 165101, 2013). Such a source will also improve the sensitivity by many orders of magnitude of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) through (DNP) techniques and enable high field pulse EPR (for materials and biomolecular characterisation). The EPR and DNP enhanced NMR (including the possibility of pulsed DNP-NMR and the use of phase and amplitude modulation) experiments will give rise to absolutely world-leading research. It will strongly enhance the UK's position as a world leader in a wide range of academic research areas, including physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and medicine. As well as for EPR and DNP these sources are also of interest in magnetically confined fusion for use in plasma diagnostics. Because the amplifiers have wide instantaneous bandwidth they may be adjusted dynamically to a wider range of plasma parameters, in comparison to a single frequency source technique. The gyro-TWA would be an ideal source for cloud profiling radar and the detection of atmospheric pollutants because the atmospheric absorption, penetration and scattering losses, practical stand-off systems require considerable power, typically hundreds of watts. Other applications include high frequency long range security imaging, space situational awareness (detecting space debris), terrain mapping (volcano monitoring), radar jamming (of guided missiles) and long range, high bandwidth, line of sight communications, real time video-rate detection of hidden explosives and illegal drugs.The gyro-TWA is also an ideal source for quantum computing based on electron spin qubits. A world-leading example of emerging quantum technology is the coherent use of the electron spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond. To obtain enough spectral resolution it requires fast coherent control of the NV electron spin with a high-power (hundreds Watts), high frequency (hundreds GHz) at a high magnetic field.