Cosmology and Astrophysics at Portsmouth

朴茨茅斯的宇宙学和天体物理学

• 批准号: ST/N000668/1
• 负责人: Robert Nichol
• 金额: $ 208.57万
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN000668%2F1
• 关键词: Cosmology; Astrophysics; Portsmouth

This consolidated grant is to support cosmologists and astrophysicists in the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG) at the University of Portsmouth. The ICG was formed in 2002 through a strategic investment from the university, and now hosts 50 researchers making it one of the largest extragalactic astronomy groups in the UK e.g. ranked 8th in research outputs in the recent REF2014.Cosmology and astrophysics are experiencing a golden age of discovery driven by new experiments and theoretical advances. However, we still face three fundamental challenges before a more complete model of the Universe can be achieved: i) What are the properties of the "dark matter" and "dark energy" that make up 96% of the Universe? ii) How do galaxies form and evolve? iii) What is the origin, and statistical nature, of structures in the Universe? This grant will address these fundamental problems through pioneering theoretical work and the use of new surveys of the sky to map billions of distant galaxies. Galaxies are the "building blocks" of the Universe and as well as studying how they form, we will use the galaxies to improve our understanding of cosmology (the properties of the Universe as a whole). We will exploit current and forthcoming galaxy surveys including the Dark Energy Survey, SDSS-IV, SERVS and Euclid to measure numerous probes of cosmology such as the clustering of galaxies, supernovae and weak gravitational lensing (distortions of the galaxies' shape due to gravity). Precise cosmological models will be constructed and analysed, and simulated with Portsmouth's SCIAMA supercomputer. These models will be compared to data to reveal the cosmological properties of the Universe. The surveys will be used to study how galaxies form, by measuring their colours and taking detailed spectra of the galaxies. We will also study the evolution of galaxies by comparing the galaxies in the nearby Universe, showing their present state, with those of the distant Universe, which gives us a window into the past.Bringing together all our work, we will model and measure the evolution of the Universe throughout its entire history. We will study how quantum fluctuations in the very early universe may be stretched by inflation in the very early universe to astronomical scales, leaving their imprint in the distribution of light and matter in the universe today. We will also explore the characteristic imprint of Einstein's general relativity and the role of dark energy in shaping the evolution of structure in our Universe. Additionally, our analyses will shed light on the properties of dark matter, which we can "see" via gravity but which does not interact like normal matter. We will also obtain a fuller understanding of the characteristics of galaxies throughout cosmic time. This will tell us whether the usual assumptions about dark matter provide an adequate description of the formation and evolution of galaxies.ICG staff are committed to public outreach and have been engaged in a number of high-profile activities in the media and local community. For example, our staff have visited many local schools to discuss their careers, their research, and share their enthusiasm for astrophysics and cosmology, e.g. BBC Stargazing Live for the last few years with thousands of participants

这项综合拨款是为了支持朴茨茅斯大学宇宙学和引力研究所（ICG）的宇宙学家和天体物理学家。ICG成立于2002年，由该大学的战略投资，现在拥有50名研究人员，使其成为英国最大的河外天文学团体之一，例如在最近的REF 2014中，其研究成果排名第8。然而，在建立一个更完整的宇宙模型之前，我们仍然面临着三个基本挑战：i）构成宇宙96%的“暗物质”和“暗能量”的性质是什么？星系是如何形成和演化的？（3）宇宙结构的起源和统计性质是什么？这项资助将通过开创性的理论工作和使用新的天空调查来绘制数十亿个遥远星系来解决这些基本问题。星系是宇宙的“积木”，以及研究它们是如何形成的，我们将使用星系来提高我们对宇宙学（宇宙作为一个整体的属性）的理解。我们将利用当前和即将到来的星系调查，包括暗能量调查，SDSS-IV，SERVS和欧几里得来测量宇宙学的许多探测器，如星系的集群，超新星和弱引力透镜（由于重力导致的星系形状扭曲）。精确的宇宙学模型将被构建和分析，并用朴茨茅斯的SCIAMA超级计算机进行模拟。这些模型将与数据进行比较，以揭示宇宙的宇宙学性质。这些巡天将通过测量星系的颜色和拍摄星系的详细光谱来研究星系是如何形成的。我们还将通过比较附近宇宙中的星系来研究星系的演化，显示它们的当前状态，与遥远宇宙中的星系进行比较，这为我们提供了一个了解过去的窗口。将我们所有的工作结合在一起，我们将模拟和测量宇宙在整个历史中的演化。我们将研究如何在非常早期的宇宙中的量子波动可能会在非常早期的宇宙膨胀拉伸到天文尺度，在今天的宇宙中的光和物质的分布留下他们的印记。我们还将探索爱因斯坦广义相对论的特征印记以及暗能量在塑造我们宇宙结构演化中的作用。此外，我们的分析将揭示暗物质的性质，我们可以通过引力“看到”暗物质，但它不像正常物质那样相互作用。我们还将获得整个宇宙时间的星系的特征更全面的了解。这将告诉我们，关于暗物质的通常假设是否能够充分描述星系的形成和演化。例如，我们的工作人员访问了许多当地学校，讨论他们的职业生涯，他们的研究，并分享他们对天体物理学和宇宙学的热情，例如，BBC观星直播在过去几年中有数千名参与者

项目成果

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological constraints from cluster abundances and weak lensing

暗能量调查第一年结果：星团丰度和弱透镜效应的宇宙学限制

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.023509
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott T

The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO): a white paper

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/p08035
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Q. Abarr;P. Allison;J. Ammerman Yebra;J. Alvarez-Muñiz;J. Beatty;D. Besson;P. Chen;Y. Chen;C. Xie;J. Clem;A. Connolly;L. Cremonesi;C. Deaconu;J. Flaherty;D. Frikken;P. Gorham;C. Hast;C. Hornhuber;J. Huang;K. Hughes;A. Hynous;Y. Ku;C. Kuo;T. Liu;Z. Martin;C. Miki;J. Nam;R. Nichol;K. Nishimura;A. Novikov;A. Nozdrina;E. Oberla;S. Prohira;R. Prechelt;B. Rauch;J. M. Roberts;A. Romero-Wolf;J. W. Russell;D. Seckel;J. Shiao;D. Smith;D. Southall;G. Varner;A. Vieregg;S. Wang;Y. Wang;S. Wissel;R. Young;E. Zas;A. Zeolla

Cosmology from cosmic shear with Dark Energy Survey science verification data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.022001
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration;T. Abbott;F. Abdalla;S. Allam;A. Amara;J. Annis;R. Armstrong;D. Bacon;M. Banerji;A. Bauer;E. Baxter;M. Becker;A. Benoit-Lévy;R. Bernstein;G. Bernstein;E. Bertin;J. Blazek;C. Bonnett;S. Bridle;D. Brooks;C. Bruderer;E. Buckley-Geer;D. Burke;M. Busha;D. Capozzi;A. Rosell;M. Kind;J. Carretero;F. Castander;C. Chang;J. Clampitt;M. Crocce;C. Cunha;C. D'Andrea;L. Costa;R. Das;D. Depoy;S. Desai;H. Diehl;J. Dietrich;S. Dodelson;P. Doel;A. Drlica-Wagner;G. Efstathiou;T. Eifler;B. Erickson;J. Estrada;A. Evrard;A. F. Neto;E. Fernandez;D. Finley;B. Flaugher;P. Fosalba;O. Friedrich;J. Frieman;C. Gangkofner;J. García-Bellido;E. Gaztañaga;D. Gerdes;D. Gruen;R. Gruendl;G. Gutiérrez;W. Hartley;M. Hirsch;K. Honscheid;E. Huff;B. Jain;D. James;M. Jarvis;T. Kacprzak;S. Kent;D. Kirk;E. Krause;A. Kravtsov;K. Kuehn;N. Kuropatkin;J. Kwan;O. Lahav;B. Leistedt;T. Li;M. Lima;H. Lin;N. MacCrann;M. March;J. Marshall;P. Martini;R. McMahon;Peter Melchior;C. Miller;R. Miquel;J. Mohr;E. Neilsen;R. Nichol;A. Nicola;B. Nord;R. Ogando;A. Palmese;H. Peiris;A. Plazas;A. Réfrégier;N. Roe;A. Romer;A. Roodman;B. Rowe;E. Rykoff;C. Sabiu;I. Sadeh;M. Sako;S. Samuroff;C. S'anchez;E. Sánchez;H. Seo;I. Sevilla-Noarbe;E. Sheldon;R. C. Smith;M. Soares-Santos;F. Sobreira;E. Suchyta;M. Swanson;G. Tarlé;J. Thaler;D. Thomas;M. Troxel;V. Vikram;A. Walker;R. Wechsler;J. Weller;Y. Zhang;J. Zuntz

Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and weak lensing

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.043526
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: T. Abbott;F. Abdalla;A. Alarcon;J. Aleksić;S. Allam;S. Allen;A. Amara;J. Annis;J. Asorey-J.-As

Constraining the p-Mode-g-Mode Tidal Instability with GW170817.

用 GW170817 约束 p-Mode-g-Mode 潮汐不稳定性。

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.061104
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Abbott BP