Solenoidal Magnet for ISOL-SRS

我们在周围看到的元素，以及构成我们身体的元素，主要是稳定的，但我们知道这些元素是在剧烈的天体物理场景中形成的。这一暴力历史的痕迹可以在爆炸恒星的元素丰度的新的详细天文观测中找到，陨石包裹体归因于单一爆炸事件后物质的凝结，以及伽马射线发射的观测表明这些过程仍在我们的宇宙中进行。在这些爆炸场景中元素的合成涉及到不稳定核的核反应。这些不稳定核的未知结构和反应严重影响了我们对元素起源的理解，我们现在看到的是在我们周围相对静止的状态，以及它们形成的恒星环境的性质和动力学。当我们开始探索这些核的性质时，在壳结构的演化上发现了令人惊讶的结果，这表明我们在稳定核中发现的情况不能简单地外推到不稳定系统。自然界比我们预期的要丰富和多样得多，导致了由核相互作用的潜在性质驱动的新壳结构。这些壳层结构的位置是微妙的，并与核的形状密切相关。一个这样的例子是梨形核表现出永久静态八极形变。这些提供了一个非常有前途的实验室，以寻找有限的原子电偶极矩，表明CP破坏超出粒子物理学的标准模型。上述科学需要精确测量的结构和不稳定核的反应。此外，研究需要在适当的能量范围内进行，以便最好地探测这些特性。新的TSR重离子储存环将位于ISOLDE设施CERN。这将是世界上独一无二的设施。ISOLDE是世界领先的放射性束生产设施。在新的升级之后，这些放射性束将被加速到精确反应研究的完美能量范围。这些光束将被注入储存环，在那里它们可以被快速冷却，以提供非常高质量的放射性光束，从而实现超高分辨率的测量。对于重放射性物质，从储存环中提取的束流将与一种新型的螺线管磁体和检测系统相结合。英国社区提议与TSR储存环一起使用的ISOL-SRS光谱仪系统将使精确研究ISOLDE放射性束设施CERN产生的大量质量和同位素的不稳定核的反应和性质取得重大突破。

The elements we see around us, and that constituent our bodies, are predominantly stable, yet we know these were forged in violent astrophysical scenarios. The traces from this violent history can be found in sensational new detailed astronomical observations of element abundances from exploding stars, meteoritic inclusions attributed to condensation of material following single explosive events, and observations of gamma-ray emission indicating these process are still ongoing in our universe. The synthesis of the elements in these explosive scenarios involves nuclear reactions involving unstable nuclei. The unknown structure and reactions of these unstable nuclei critically affects our understanding of the origin of elements we now see in a relatively quiescent state around us, and the nature and dynamics of the stellar environments in which they formed. As we have begun to explore the properties of these nuclei, surprising results have been found on the evolution of shell structure, indicating what we find to be the case in stable nuclei, cannot be simply extrapolated to unstable systems. Nature is far more rich and diverse then we anticipated, leading to new shell structures driven by the underlying nature of the nuclear interaction. The locations of these shell structures are subtle and intimately associated with the shapes of nuclei. One such example are Pear-shaped nuclei exhibiting permanent static octupole deformations.These provide a very promising laboratory to search for finite atomic electric dipole moments, indicative of CP violation beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics.The science described above requires precision measurements of the structure and reactions of unstable nuclei. Furthermore, the studies need to be performed in the appropriate energy regime where these properties can be best probed. The new TSR heavy ion storage ring will be located at the ISOLDE facility CERN. This will be a unique facility worldwide. ISOLDE is the world's leading facility for the production of radioactive beams. Following new upgrades, these radioactive beams will be accelerated to the energy range perfect for precision reaction studies. These beams will be injected into the storage ring where they can be rapidly cooled to give very high quality radioactive beams enabling ultra high resolution measurements. For heavy radioactive species, the beam extracted from the storage ring will be allied to a novel solenoidal magnet and detection system. The ISOL-SRS spectrometer systems proposed by the UK community for use in conjunction with the TSR storage ring will enable a major breakthrough in precision studies of the reactions and properties of unstable nuclei across the vast range of masses and isotopes produced by the ISOLDE radioactive beams facility, CERN.