Effective and affordable detection of small UAVs using millimetre wave coherent Doppler radar.

使用毫米波相干多普勒雷达有效且经济实惠地检测小型无人机。

• 批准号: ST/N006569/1
• 负责人: Duncan Robertson
• 金额: $ 27.72万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FN006569%2F1
• 关键词: Effective; affordable; detection; small; UAVs

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs), or drones, have become incredibly popular due to advances in affordable technology which allow them to be very easily controlled, and fully autonomous GPS-guided SUAVs are now publicly available. However, the nefarious use of SAUVs is also increasing and they are now regarded as a potential threat to public privacy, safety and security. There have been many news reports of unwanted SUAV incursions in recent years including Angela Merkel being buzzed at an event in 2013, several mystery drones being sighted over Paris in early 2015, and two cases of SUAVs landing in the White House grounds in 2015.What if a SUAV-borne camera is being used for reconnaissance at a government building prior to a terrorist attack? What if a SUAV is flown into the path of an aircraft taking off at an airport? What if a larger SUAV equipped with a weapon or explosives is used to attack a large crowd or a nuclear power station? Sadly, these are all credible threats which we cannot ignore and this demands that we have the capability to detect intruding SUAVs and ultimately intervene to neutralise the threat.The successful detection of the intrusion into controlled spaces by small UAVs depends on being able to detect them reliably at sufficient range, i.e. in sufficient time, to be able to take appropriate evasive action whilst discriminating them from other harmless objects. Any sensor has to achieve this in locations containing complex structures and confusing background signals.Radar is one of the best techniques to achieve SUAV detection because it is capable of measuring the characteristic Doppler signatures of the rapidly rotating propellers and thus has the potential to distinguish SUAVs from other moving objects such as birds. However, conventional microwave radar struggles to detect the reflections from SUAVs due to their small size and low metal content.Our previous STFC-funded research has shown that shorter wavelength, millimetre wave radars are particularly well-suited to detecting low reflectivity, slowly moving targets. In that work we developed a radar to measure the Doppler signatures of tiny cloud particles moving high up in the atmosphere. In this project we propose to apply those same techniques to develop a low power, compact, millimetre wave radar demonstrator which will be capable of detecting SUAVs with high probability, and low false alarms, over a wide search area.We believe there are significant market opportunities for compact, low cost millimetre wave radars which may be deployed rapidly and as part of an ad hoc network that can be easily reconfigured to meet the demands of a wide range of site installations. We anticipate that variants of the radar will be suitable for both fixed, permanent installations (e.g. Centres of National Infrastructure (CNI), power stations, airports, government buildings, and data centres) and flexible, temporary deployments (e.g. VIP appearances, music festivals, motor sport events, sports arenas, parades / demonstrations). Our Project Partner, BAE Systems Applied Intelligence Labs, is very well placed to capitalise on these markets given their track record and experience.Beyond the direct economic opportunities of supplying equipment to this potentially large market, there are significant indirect economic benefits to being able to prevent SUAV intrusion. Preventing delays, evacuations or ultimately crashes at airports caused by SUAV intrusion will protect the enormous contribution these transport hubs make to the UK economy. Furthermore, preventing the unauthorised recording/filming of new movies and major sporting events from SUAV-borne cameras will protect valuable intellectual property. Of course, the threat from SUAVs is not limited to the UK: if a reliable system is developed from this research, it could be exported to foreign nations that share the same concerns, bringing further wealth to the UK economy.

小型无人驾驶飞行器（SUAVs）或无人机已经变得非常受欢迎，这是由于经济实惠的技术进步，使它们能够非常容易地控制，并且完全自主的GPS制导的SUAVs现在已经公开可用。然而，SAUV的邪恶使用也在增加，它们现在被视为对公共隐私，安全和安保的潜在威胁。近年来，有许多关于不受欢迎的SUAV入侵的新闻报道，包括安吉拉默克尔在2013年的一次活动中被击落，2015年初在巴黎上空看到了几架神秘的无人机，2015年有两起SUAV降落在白宫场地的案例。如果一架SUAV飞进了一架在机场起飞的飞机的航线上怎么办？如果一个更大的SUAV配备了武器或爆炸物被用来攻击一个大的人群或核电站？不幸的是，这些都是我们不能忽视的可信威胁，这就要求我们有能力检测入侵的无人机，并最终进行干预以消除威胁。成功检测小型无人机入侵控制空间取决于能够在足够的距离内可靠地检测它们，即在足够的时间内，能够采取适当的规避行动，同时将它们与其他无害物体区分开来。任何传感器都必须在包含复杂结构和混乱背景信号的位置实现这一目标。雷达是实现SUAV检测的最佳技术之一，因为它能够测量快速旋转螺旋桨的特征多普勒信号，从而有可能将SUAV与其他运动物体（如鸟类）区分开来。然而，传统的微波雷达很难探测到来自SUV的反射，因为它们体积小，金属含量低。我们之前的STFC资助的研究表明，波长较短的毫米波雷达特别适合探测低反射率，缓慢移动的目标。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种雷达来测量在大气层中高空移动的微小云粒子的多普勒特征。在这个项目中，我们建议应用这些相同的技术来开发一种低功耗、紧凑型毫米波雷达演示器，该演示器将能够在广泛的搜索区域内以高概率和低误报检测到SUV。我们相信，紧凑型毫米波雷达具有巨大的市场机会，低成本毫米波雷达，可以快速部署，并作为一个特设网络的一部分，可以很容易地重新配置，以满足广泛的网站的需求装置.我们预计，雷达的变体将适用于固定的永久性设施（例如国家基础设施中心（CNI），发电站，机场，政府大楼和数据中心）和灵活的临时部署（例如VIP出场，音乐节，赛车赛事，体育场馆，游行/示威）。我们的项目合作伙伴BAE系统应用智能实验室凭借其良好的业绩记录和丰富的经验，非常适合利用这些市场。除了向这个潜在的巨大市场提供设备的直接经济机会外，能够防止SUAV入侵还有显着的间接经济效益。防止SUAV入侵造成的机场延误、疏散或最终坠毁，将保护这些交通枢纽对英国经济的巨大贡献。此外，防止无人机载摄像机未经授权录制/拍摄新电影和重大体育赛事将保护宝贵的知识产权。当然，来自SUV的威胁并不局限于英国：如果从这项研究中开发出可靠的系统，它可以出口到有同样担忧的外国，为英国经济带来更多财富。

项目成果

Millimeter-wave radar micro-Doppler feature extraction of consumer drones and birds for target discrimination

消费型无人机和鸟类的毫米波雷达微多普勒特征提取用于目标辨别

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2518846
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Rahman S

Time-Frequency Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Radar Micro-Doppler Data from Small UAVs

小型无人机毫米波雷达微多普勒数据的时频分析

• DOI: 10.1109/sspd.2017.8233269
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Rahman S

Drone Detection and Tracking in Real-Time by Fusion of Different Sensing Modalities

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2207.01927
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: ArXiv
• 作者: F. Svanström;F. Alonso-Fernandez;Cristofer Englund

In-flight RCS measurements of drones and birds at K-band and W-band

• DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2018.5122
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Rahman, Samiur;Robertson, Duncan Alexander
• 通讯作者: Robertson, Duncan Alexander

FAROS-E: a compact and low-cost millimeter wave surveillance radar for real time drone detection and classification

FAROS-E：紧凑且低成本的毫米波监视雷达，用于实时无人机检测和分类

• DOI: 10.23919/irs51887.2021.9466175
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Rahman S