AOP Solar and Planetary Studies: Consolidated Grant 2018 - 2021

这项研究结合了对太阳和太阳系的研究。太阳色球中最普遍的喷流是针状物，它有可能在日冕和太阳风的质量和能量平衡中发挥重要作用。我们目前还不清楚这些特征的形成和加热的机制(S)，磁场在它们的时间演化中的作用，或者它们对色球质量和能量平衡的全面影响。现有的许多理论模型都不能同时解释针状体的普遍存在、速度、加热和动力学演化。这项提案寻求PDRA的资金，以使用瑞典太阳望远镜和丹尼尔·K·井上太阳望远镜的高分辨率观测。为了正确地约束模型并解决这些悬而未决的问题，我们需要知道针状物内部和周围的磁场结构、流动和热力学条件。我们希望在探测到色球毛刺特征的高频波的基础上，更深入地探索强度和水平速度振荡之间的联系，这可能是由于压缩波和非压缩波的耦合以及通量管与其邻居的相互作用。在行星科学中，我们试图了解我们的行星系统的起源，其中的小天体--彗星和小行星--的演化，以及这些如何与我们星球上生命的出现有关。我们将开发的新技术(PDRA 1)来解释从固体表面和大气中散射的偏振太阳光的光谱，这将有助于我们更好地了解太阳系天体的组成，包括富含水和有机物的原始天体，以及这些组成是如何随着时间的推移而演变的。我们将研究地球轨道附近的小行星(PDRA 2)，寻找我们星球的起源和早期演化的线索，以及它是如何获得生命开始所需的成分的。不仅有令人信服的科学理由来研究这些天体及其相互之间的相互关系，而且积累的新信息也加强了英国作为全球探索太阳系努力伙伴的地位。

This research combines studies of our Sun and Solar System.The most ubiquitous jets in the solar chromosphere are spicules which have the potential to play a major role in the mass and energy balance of the corona and solar wind. We currently do not understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the formation and heating of these features, the role of the magnetic field in their time evolution or their full impact on the chromospheric mass and energy balance. None of the many theoretical models available can simultaneously explain the ubiquity, speeds, heating and dynamical evolution of spicules. This proposal seeks PDRA funding to use high-resolution observations from the Swedish Solar Telescope and the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. To properly constrain models and settle these outstanding issues, we need to know the magnetic field structure, flows and thermodynamic conditions in and around spicules. We wish to build on our detection of high-frequency waves in chromospheric spicular features and to explore more deeply the link between intensity and horizontal velocity oscillations which could be due to coupling of compressive and non-compressive waves and the interaction of the flux tube with its neighbours.In planetary science we seek to understand the origin of our planetary system, the evolution of the small bodies - comets and asteroids - within it and how these are related to the emergence of life on our planet. The new techniques we will develop (PDRA 1) to interpret spectra of polarised sunlight scattered off solid surfaces and from atmospheres will help us understand better the composition of solar system bodies, including primitive objects rich in water and organics, and how these evolve over time. We will study asteroids near the orbit of the Earth (PDRA 2), seeking clues to the origin and early evolution of our planet and how it acquired the ingredients necessary for life to begin. Not only are there compelling scientific reasons to study such objects and their interrelationships with each other, but the accumulated wealth of new information also strengthens the UK's position as a partner in the global effort to explore our solar system.