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A Consolidated Grant Proposal for Solar and Planetary Science at the University of Leicester, 2022 - 2025

莱斯特大学太阳和行星科学综合资助提案，2022 - 2025

基本信息

批准号：
ST/W00089X/1
负责人：
Timothy Yeoman
金额：
$ 287.03万
依托单位：
University of Leicester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW00089X%2F1
关键词：
Consolidated Grant Proposal Solar Planetary

项目摘要

We propose a world-class programme of research that focuses on 3 main areas of study concerned with our solar system. The first involves study of the outer environments of the planets where the gas is ionised, such that it not only feels the gravitational pull of the planet, but also interacts strongly with its magnetic and electric fields. In the second area we seek to study the origin and evolution of solar system bodies, through examination of materials from asteroid, chondrite and lunar samples, and through laboratory-based exploration of X-ray fluorescence from Mercury analogues. The third area will employ spectroscopy from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground observatories to explore the planetary stratospheres and tropospheres at the ice giants Uranus and Neptune.Previous work in the first area shows that the outer environments of the planets vary widely, determined by the interaction with the plasma that blows continuously from the Sun on the outside, and the interaction with the planet and its moons on the inside. The solar wind is prone to outbursts that can lead to magnetic storms and bright auroras at Earth, as well as varying strongly over the solar cycle, and with distance from the Sun. Its interaction with the planets then depends on whether the planet is magnetised, has an atmosphere, and has active moons. We will use MESSENGER data to study Mercury close to the Sun, a planet that has a magnetic field but almost no atmosphere; use the constellation of spacecraft at Mars, more distant from the Sun, which has an atmosphere but no strong magnetic field to prevent its erosion by the solar wind; and combine multi-spacecraft and ground instrumentation at Earth, at intermediate distances having both an atmosphere and a magnetic field. We will also study the strongly magnetized giant planets Jupiter and Saturn using data from the Juno mission at Jupiter and Cassini at Saturn, combined with observations of the auroras at ultraviolet wavelengths using the Hubble Space Telescope and at infrared wavelengths using large ground-based telescopes. Auroras are caused by large-scale electric currents flowing between the outer environments and the upper ionized atmospheres, which communicate force between these regions. Overall emphasis will be on the complex physical processes that couple the solar wind on the outside, the magnetic field surrounding the planet (if any), and the planetary atmospheres or surface on the inside.In the second area, laboratory studies, we will analyse material returned from C-class asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. We will make complementary analyses on Apollo lunar regolith grains and recent, unique carbonaceous chondrite falls to build a new understanding of space weathering and C-class asteroid parent body processes. This project builds on the leading expertise we have in the microanalysis of planetary materials, through electron microscopy at ePSIC and UoL, and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy. Laboratory work focused on Mercury will centre on the MIXS Ground Reference Facility, a purpose-built system to allow detailed analysis of X-ray fluorescence, induced using an X-ray or electron source, for bespoke surface analogues. This laboratory facility will uniquely allow us to expand our science programme using the MIXS data from the BepiColombo mission, both in relation to the dayside surface composition goals at global and local scales on Mercury, and in terms of the nightside magnetosphere-surface interaction which produces a significant X-ray fluorescence associated with electron bombardment.The final theme leverages Leicester's leadership of the guaranteed-time giant planets programme on the JWST, exploiting MIRI spectroscopic maps of the Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune, combined with a ground-based observation programme, to understand how stratospheric circulation, photochemistry, and tropospheric meteorology shape the atmospheres of sub-giant-sized worlds.

我们提出了一个世界级的研究计划，重点关注与我们的太阳系有关的三个主要研究领域。第一个涉及研究行星的外部环境，在那里气体被电离，这样它不仅能感觉到行星的引力，而且还能与它的磁场和电场发生强烈的相互作用。在第二个领域，我们试图通过检查来自小行星、球粒陨石和月球样本的物质，以及通过实验室探索来自水星类似物的X射线荧光，来研究太阳系天体的起源和演化。第三个区域将使用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)和地面天文台的光谱来探索冰川巨星天王星和海王星的行星平流层和对流层。第一个区域之前的工作表明，行星的外部环境变化很大，这取决于与从外部持续吹来的等离子体的相互作用，以及与行星及其内部卫星的相互作用。太阳风很容易爆发，这可能导致地球上的磁暴和明亮的极光，以及在太阳周期和距离太阳的强烈变化。它与行星的相互作用取决于行星是否被磁化，是否有大气层，是否有活跃的卫星。我们将使用信使数据研究靠近太阳的水星，这是一颗有磁场但几乎没有大气的行星；利用火星上的航天器星座，火星更远，有大气但没有强磁场，以防止其被太阳风侵蚀；在地球上结合多航天器和地面仪器，在中等距离既有大气又有磁场。我们还将利用朱诺任务在木星和卡西尼号在土星上的数据，结合使用哈勃太空望远镜在紫外线波长和使用大型地面望远镜在红外波长下对极光的观测，来研究强磁化巨行星木星和土星。极光是由在外部环境和上层电离大气之间流动的大规模电流引起的，这些大气在这些区域之间传播力。总体重点将放在外部太阳风、行星周围的磁场(如果有)和内部行星大气或表面的复杂物理过程上。在第二个领域，实验室研究，我们将分析由Hayabusa2任务从C级小行星Ryugu返回的物质。我们将对阿波罗月球风化颗粒和最近独特的碳质球粒陨石瀑布进行补充分析，以建立对空间风化和C类小行星母体过程的新理解。该项目基于我们在行星材料微观分析方面的领先专业知识，通过ePSIC和UOL的电子显微镜以及基于同步加速器的X射线光谱分析。侧重于水星的实验室工作将集中在MIXS地面参考设施上，这是一个专门建造的系统，可以详细分析使用X射线或电子源诱导的定制表面类似物的X射线荧光。这一实验室设施将独特地允许我们利用来自比佩科伦坡任务的MIXS数据来扩展我们的科学计划，这既与全球和局部尺度的水星上的白天表面组成目标有关，也与夜间磁层-表面相互作用有关，后者产生与电子轰击相关的显著X射线荧光。最后一个主题利用莱斯特对JWST上保证时间的巨行星计划的领导，利用MIRI天王星和海王星的光谱地图，结合地面观测计划，了解平流层环流、光化学和对流层气象学如何塑造亚巨型世界的大气层。