Irradiated atmospheres of brown dwarfs: providing an insight into exoplanet atmospheres

褐矮星的辐照大气:提供对系外行星大气的深入了解

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ST/R003726/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2019 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

I will use this fellowship to explore, and ultimately understand how irradiation affects the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs are the missing link between stars and exoplanets. They are the size of Jupiter but may be up to 70 times as massive. However, unlike exoplanets, they form like stars, from the collapse of a massive gas cloud. The first brown dwarf was imaged in 1995, the very same year as the first exoplanet detection, and to date over 1200 have been discovered. Our closest brown dwarf is the Sun's fourth nearest neighbour! Young brown dwarfs have very similar atmospheres to directly imaged exoplanets, and brown dwarfs are often used to tell us what we would expect to see in an exoplanet atmosphere. However, most exoplanets are orbiting very close to their host star, which is much brighter, making it very difficult to determine what is in its atmosphere. I will study brown dwarfs that are in very close orbits with a hot companion. In these systems, the brown dwarf may complete an orbit in as little as 2 hours. These systems are tidally locked, meaning that the same side of the brown dwarf continually faces the companion. I discovered that this hot side can be up to 500 degrees hotter than the dark side of the brown dwarf, causing winds that transport energy from the hot side to the cold side. It is clear that heating a brown dwarf or exoplanet drastically alters its atmosphere, as the irradiation splits up and creates new molecules. I will observe these binaries using 4m and 8m telescopes around the world. My observations will monitor the brown dwarf as it orbits its companion, to understand how much brighter the brown dwarf gets as its heated side moves into view. By observing in different wavelengths, I will be able to see how the different layers in the atmosphere respond to the heating. I will also take spectra of the brown dwarf at different points in its orbit. The new James Webb Space Telescope, launched in 2018 is an ideal facility for this work. I will use these spectra to determine what the atmosphere is made of, and which molecules are being created by the irradiation. The creation of new molecules depends very much on how hot the brown dwarf's companion is, so studying as many systems as possible, with host stars of different temperatures is very important. There are, however, very few of these systems known to date, so as well as studying the known systems, I will discover new ones using a new survey for discovering exoplanets, NGTS, and also wide field surveys. These surveys image the sky at many wavelengths, and by combining data from them I will be able to identify new binaries. I will then obtain more observations of them with world leading telescopes, to measure the masses, and the orbital timescale. Finally I will work with my collaborators to create models of these systems. These models will be used to explain the processes occurring in the brown dwarf atmosphere as it is heated and will also be used to explain what happens in heated exoplanet atmospheres.
我将利用这个奖学金来探索,并最终了解辐射如何影响褐矮星的大气。褐矮星是恒星和系外行星之间缺失的一环。它们的大小与木星相当,但质量可能是木星的70倍。然而,与系外行星不同的是,它们像恒星一样,由巨大的气体云坍塌而成。第一颗褐矮星是在1995年拍摄的,也就是第一颗系外行星被发现的同一年,到目前为止已经发现了1200多颗。我们最近的褐矮星是太阳的第四个最近的邻居!年轻的褐矮星有着与直接成像的系外行星非常相似的大气层,褐矮星经常被用来告诉我们在系外行星的大气层中我们会看到什么。然而,大多数系外行星的轨道都非常靠近它们的宿主星星,这颗恒星要明亮得多,因此很难确定其大气层中有什么。我将研究与热伴星在非常近的轨道上的褐矮星。在这些系统中,褐矮星可能在短短2小时内完成一次轨道运行。这些系统是潮汐锁定的,这意味着褐矮星的同一侧一直面对着同伴。我发现这个热的一面可以比褐矮星的暗面高出500度,导致风将能量从热的一面传递到冷的一面。很明显,加热褐矮星或系外行星会极大地改变其大气层,因为辐射会分裂并产生新的分子。我将使用世界各地的4米和8米望远镜观察这些双星。我的观测将在褐矮星绕其伴星运行时对其进行监测,以了解褐矮星在其受热的一面进入视野时会变亮多少。通过不同波长的观测,我将能够看到大气中不同层对加热的反应。我也会在褐矮星的轨道上不同的点拍摄光谱。2018年发射的新詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜是这项工作的理想设施。我将用这些光谱来确定大气是由什么组成的,以及哪些分子是由辐射产生的。新分子的产生在很大程度上取决于褐矮星的伴星有多热,因此研究尽可能多的系统,不同温度的宿主恒星是非常重要的。然而,到目前为止,这些系统很少,所以除了研究已知的系统外,我还将使用新的发现系外行星的调查,NGTS和广域调查来发现新的系统。这些巡天观测在许多波长下对天空进行成像,通过结合这些数据,我将能够识别新的双星。然后,我将用世界领先的望远镜对它们进行更多的观测,以测量质量和轨道时间尺度。最后,我将与我的合作者一起创建这些系统的模型。这些模型将被用来解释褐矮星大气被加热时发生的过程,也将被用来解释在加热的系外行星大气中发生的事情。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam
使用 JWST NIRCam 早期发布系外行星 WASP-39b 的科学数据
  • DOI:
    10.48550/arxiv.2211.10489
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Ahrer Eva-Maria
  • 通讯作者:
    Ahrer Eva-Maria
Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam.
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41586-022-05590-4
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    64.8
  • 作者:
    Ahrer, Eva-Maria;Stevenson, Kevin B.;Mansfield, Megan;Moran, Sarah E.;Brande, Jonathan;Morello, Giuseppe;Murray, Catriona A.;Nikolov, Nikolay K.;de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit Dit;Schlawin, Everett;Wheatley, Peter J.;Zieba, Sebastian;Batalha, Natasha E.;Damiano, Mario;Goyal, Jayesh M.;Lendl, Monika;Lothringer, Joshua D.;Mukherjee, Sagnick;Ohno, Kazumasa;Batalha, Natalie M.;Battley, Matthew P.;Bean, Jacob L.;Beatty, Thomas G.;Benneke, Bjorn;Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.;Carter, Aarynn L.;Cubillos, Patricio E.;Daylan, Tansu;Espinoza, Nestor;Gao, Peter;Gibson, Neale P.;Gill, Samuel;Harrington, Joseph;Hu, Renyu;Kreidberg, Laura;Lewis, Nikole K.;Line, Michael R.;Lopez-Morales, Mercedes;Parmentier, Vivien;Powell, Diana K.;Sing, David K.;Tsai, Shang-Min;Wakeford, Hannah R.;Welbanks, Luis;Alam, Munazza K.;Alderson, Lili;Allen, Natalie H.;Anderson, David R.;Barstow, Joanna K.;Bayliss, Daniel;Bell, Taylor J.;Blecic, Jasmina;Bryant, Edward M.;Burleigh, Matthew R.;Carone, Ludmila;Casewell, S. L.;Changeat, Quentin;Chubb, Katy L.;Crossfield, Ian J. M.;Crouzet, Nicolas;Decin, Leen;Desert, Jean-Michel;Feinstein, Adina D.;Flagg, Laura;Fortney, Jonathan J.;Gizis, John E.;Heng, Kevin;Iro, Nicolas;Kempton, Eliza M. -R.;Kendrew, Sarah;Kirk, James;Knutson, Heather A.;Komacek, Thaddeus D.;Lagage, Pierre-Olivier;Leconte, Jeremy;Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob;MacDonald, Ryan J.;Mancini, Luigi;May, E. M.;Mayne, N. J.;Miguel, Yamila;Mikal-Evans, Thomas;Molaverdikhani, Karan;Palle, Enric;Piaulet, Caroline;Rackham, Benjamin V.;Redfield, Seth;Rogers, Laura K.;Roy, Pierre-Alexis;Rustamkulov, Zafar;Shkolnik, Evgenya L.;Sotzen, Kristin S.;Taylor, Jake;Tremblin, P.;Tucker, Gregory S.;Turner, Jake D.;de Val-Borro, Miguel;Venot, Olivia;Zhang, Xi
  • 通讯作者:
    Zhang, Xi
NGTS-21b: An Inflated Super-Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-poor K dwarf
  • DOI:
    10.1093/mnras/stac2884
  • 发表时间:
    2022-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    D. Alves;J. Jenkins;J. Vines;L. Nielsen;S. Gill;J. Acton;D. Anderson;D. Bayliss;F. Bouchy-F.-Bouch
  • 通讯作者:
    D. Alves;J. Jenkins;J. Vines;L. Nielsen;S. Gill;J. Acton;D. Anderson;D. Bayliss;F. Bouchy-F.-Bouch
Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H.
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41586-022-05591-3
  • 发表时间:
    2023-02
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    64.8
  • 作者:
    Alderson, Lili;Wakeford, Hannah R.;Alam, Munazza K.;Batalha, Natasha E.;Lothringer, Joshua D.;Redai, Jea Adams;Barat, Saugata;Brande, Jonathan;Damiano, Mario;Daylan, Tansu;Espinoza, Nestor;Flagg, Laura;Goyal, Jayesh M.;Grant, David;Hu, Renyu;Inglis, Julie;Lee, Elspeth K. H.;Mikal-Evans, Thomas;Ramos-Rosado, Lakeisha;Roy, Pierre-Alexis;Wallack, Nicole L.;Batalha, Natalie M.;Bean, Jacob L.;Benneke, Bjorn;Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.;Carter, Aarynn L.;Changeat, Quentin;Colon, Knicole D.;Crossfield, Ian J. M.;Desert, Jean-Michel;Foreman-Mackey, Daniel;Gibson, Neale P.;Kreidberg, Laura;Line, Michael R.;Lopez-Morales, Mercedes;Molaverdikhani, Karan;Moran, Sarah E.;Morello, Giuseppe;Moses, Julianne I.;Mukherjee, Sagnick;Schlawin, Everett;Sing, David K.;Stevenson, Kevin B.;Taylor, Jake;Aggarwal, Keshav;Ahrer, Eva-Maria;Allen, Natalie H.;Barstow, Joanna K.;Bell, Taylor J.;Blecic, Jasmina;Casewell, Sarah L.;Chubb, Katy L.;Crouzet, Nicolas;Cubillos, Patricio E.;Decin, Leen;Feinstein, Adina D.;Fortney, Joanthan J.;Harrington, Joseph;Heng, Kevin;Iro, Nicolas;Kempton, Eliza M. -R.;Kirk, James;Knutson, Heather A.;Krick, Jessica;Leconte, Jeremy;Lendl, Monika;MacDonald, Ryan J.;Mancini, Luigi;Mansfield, Megan;May, Erin M.;Mayne, Nathan J.;Miguel, Yamila;Nikolov, Nikolay K.;Ohno, Kazumasa;Palle, Enric;Parmentier, Vivien;de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit Dit;Piaulet, Caroline;Powell, Diana;Rackham, Benjamin V.;Redfield, Seth;Rogers, Laura K.;Rustamkulov, Zafar;Tan, Xianyu;Tremblin, P.;Tsai, Shang-Min;Turner, Jake D.;de Val-Borro, Miguel;Venot, Olivia;Welbanks, Luis;Wheatley, Peter J.;Zhang, Xi
  • 通讯作者:
    Zhang, Xi
An eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit from NGTS
  • DOI:
    10.1093/mnras/staa2513
  • 发表时间:
    2020-08
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    J. Acton;M. Goad;S. Casewell;J. Vines;M. Burleigh;P. Eigmüller;L. Nielsen;B. Gänsicke;D. Bayl
  • 通讯作者:
    J. Acton;M. Goad;S. Casewell;J. Vines;M. Burleigh;P. Eigmüller;L. Nielsen;B. Gänsicke;D. Bayl
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Sarah Casewell其他文献

Sarah Casewell的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Sarah Casewell', 18)}}的其他基金

Extending the Next Generation Transit Survey into the infrared
将下一代交通测量扩展到红外线
  • 批准号:
    ST/X00497X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
PATT travel grant for the University of Leicester 2019
2019 年莱斯特大学 PATT 旅费补助
  • 批准号:
    ST/T001380/1
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
PATT travel grant for the University of Leicester 2017
2017 年莱斯特大学 PATT 旅费补助
  • 批准号:
    ST/R001308/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
PATT travel grant for the University of Leicester 2015
2015 年莱斯特大学 PATT 旅费补助
  • 批准号:
    ST/N001524/1
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
University of Leicester PATT linked travel grant
莱斯特大学 PATT 相关旅行补助
  • 批准号:
    ST/L001306/1
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Additional funding in support of Linked grant ref: ST/J000655/1
支持链接赠款的额外资金参考号:ST/J000655/1
  • 批准号:
    ST/L000849/1
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

相似海外基金

ELECTRICALLY-ACTIVATED CLOUD CHEMISTRY IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF BROWN DWARFS AND EXOPLANETS
棕矮星和系外行星大气中的电激活云化学
  • 批准号:
    ST/X000885/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Unveiling the Cloudy Dynamics in Hydrogen-dominated Atmospheres from Giant Planets to Brown Dwarfs
揭示从巨行星到棕矮星的氢主导大气中的云动力学
  • 批准号:
    2307463
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
ELECTRICALLY-ACTIVATED CLOUD CHEMISTRY IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF BROWN DWARFS AND EXOPLANETS
棕矮星和系外行星大气中的电激活云化学
  • 批准号:
    ST/X000885/2
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Collaborative Research: Catch the waves - a machine learning approach to map brown dwarf and imaged exoplanet atmospheres in 3D
合作研究:捕捉波浪 - 一种机器学习方法,以 3D 方式绘制褐矮星和成像系外行星大气层
  • 批准号:
    2206317
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Catch the waves - a machine learning approach to map brown dwarf and imaged exoplanet atmospheres in 3D
合作研究:捕捉波浪 - 一种机器学习方法,以 3D 方式绘制褐矮星和成像系外行星大气层
  • 批准号:
    2205913
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Understanding Substellar Atmospheres: Constraining Physical Properties and Testing Models for Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
了解次恒星大气:约束褐矮星和系外行星的物理特性并测试模型
  • 批准号:
    2107516
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Determining Properties of Brown Dwarf Atmospheres With High-Precision Spectro-Polarimetry
合作研究:用高精度光谱偏振测定法测定棕矮星大气的性质
  • 批准号:
    2103241
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Using Brown Dwarfs to Understand Exoplanetary Atmospheres: Spectral Inversions of an Analog Population
合作研究:利用棕矮星了解系外行星大气:模拟总体的光谱反演
  • 批准号:
    1909776
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Using Brown Dwarfs to Understand Exoplanetary Atmospheres: Spectral Inversions of an Analog Population
合作研究:利用棕矮星了解系外行星大气:模拟总体的光谱反演
  • 批准号:
    1909837
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Characterizing Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres and Developing Precision Radial Velocity Technologies
表征冷棕矮星大气并开发精密径向速度技术
  • 批准号:
    1801978
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.86万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
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