Charming beauty: CP violation and spectroscopy at LHCb

为什么地球、恒星、银河系以及我们能看到的一切都是由物质构成的？在大爆炸期间，物质和反物质以相等的数量产生，那么反物质去了哪里？没有证据表明宇宙中存在反物质星系或其他大型结构。这些问题引出了一个更深刻的问题，既然物质和反物质应该互相摧毁，我们为什么会在这里？这些问题从我十几岁的时候就吸引了我，并引导我进入物理学领域，后来专攻粒子物理学。到目前为止，我的职业生涯一直专注于理解物质和反物质之间的差异，它们（几乎）是对方的完美镜像。该研究计划旨在比以往任何时候都更精确地研究这些差异，并寻找我们目前的理论和模型无法解释的新差异。事实上，我们已经知道我们的理论并不能完全描述宇宙中的一切，最近在粒子物理学领域出现了一些线索。这项研究计划将提供新的投入，以了解这些提示是否只是统计波动的真实的影响。为了实现这些目标，必须克服处理大量数据样本和利用最新计算技术和软件的同样令人兴奋的挑战。这些挑战在许多科学领域越来越普遍和重要，对企业和更广泛的世界也越来越重要。我将使用LHCb探测器的数据进行这些令人兴奋的测量，该探测器基于位于日内瓦附近法国和瑞士边境的欧洲核子研究中心实验室的大型强子对撞机（LHC）。大型强子对撞机以难以置信的能量碰撞被称为质子的粒子，产生我们感兴趣研究的其他粒子。

Why are the earth, the stars, our galaxy and everything we can see made out of matter? During the big bang, matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts, so where has the antimatter gone? There is no evidence of anti-matter galaxies or other large structures in the universe. These questions lead to a more profound question, given that the matter and antimatter should have destroyed each other; why are we here? These questions have fascinated me since my late teens and were responsible for guiding me into the field of physics and later specialising in particle physics. My career to date has focused on understanding differences between matter and antimatter, which are (almost) perfect mirror images of the other. The programme of research in this proposal aims to study these differences more precisely than ever before, and to look for new differences that are not explained by our current theories and models. In fact, we already know our theories are not a complete description of everything in the universe, and several hints have appeared recently in this field of particle physics. This research plan will provide new inputs to understand whether or not these hints are real effects of just statistical fluctuations. To achieve these goals, the equally exciting challenges of dealing with huge data samples and utilising the latest computing technologies and software must be conquered. These challenges are increasingly common and important in many fields of science, but also to businesses and the wider world.I will perform these exciting measurements using data from the LHCb detector, based on the large hadron collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory on the French-Swiss border near Geneva. The LHC collides particles, called protons, at incredible energies to produce other particles that we are interested in studying.