Investigations in Gravitational Radiation

引力辐射研究

• 批准号: ST/V001736/1
• 负责人: Sheila Rowan
• 金额: $ 156.28万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV001736%2F1
• 关键词: Investigations; Gravitational; Radiation

Einstein's General Relativity predicts that dynamical systems in strong gravitational fields will emit vast amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves (GW). These are ripples in the very fabric of spacetime that travel from their sources at the speed of light, carrying information about physical processes responsible for their emission. They are among the most elusive signals from the deepest reaches in the Universe.In September 2015, during the 1st Advanced LIGO observing run, gravitational waves from the collision of two black holes were discovered using the LIGO observatories. The detection of GW150914resulted in the award of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics with explicit recognition of the role of the UK as a critical part of the global team.In August 2017, during the 2nd observing run, LIGO and Virgo detected the first gravitational wave signal from the collision of two neutron stars. GW170817 was observed in coincidence with a gamma-rayburst (GRB) as well as signals across the electromagnetic spectrum, including the optical and infra-red signature of a kilonova. These discoveries have established a new paradigm of multi-messenger astrophysicsThe 3rd observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, O3, started on 1st April 2019 with a planned run of 1 calendar year duration during which time the Japanese KAGRA instrument is expected tojoin the observing network. Modelling GW sources has allowed deeper searches and data from LIGO, Virgo, and GEO have increased our understanding of astronomical phenomena. We are now able to make regular observations of GWs. The aLIGO detectors are based on the quasi-monolithic silica suspension concept developed in the UK for GEO600 and on the high power lasers developed by our German colleagues in GEO600. The AdV detector also uses a variant of the silica suspension technology. Further, KAGRA is being built with input on cryogenic bonding technology from the UK groups.The consortium groups have led searches for astronomical sources, thanks to funding support received since first data taking runs began 12 years ago. Key ingredients of several searches (accurate waveforms models, geometric formulation of data analysis to optimise searches, algorithms to search for generic bursts, Bayesian search and inference techniques) were developed at Cardiff and Glasgow.We propose a programme that exploits data from aLIGO and AdV, building on our analysis of data from the most recent LIGO/Virgo science runs and from GEO600 while the advanced detectors were under construction. In particular, we will refine waveform models and carry out deep and wide parameter space searches for coalescing binaries, GW emitted in coincidence with GRBs and supernovae, and continuous signals from rotating neutron stars.In parallel, we propose essential detector R&D. Detector sensitivity is mainly limited by thermal noise associated with the substrates of the mirrors, their reflective coatings, and their suspension elements, as well as by noise resulting from the quantum nature of the light used in sensing. Our research is targeted towards making innovative improvements in these areas, essential to maximize the astrophysical potential of GW observatories. We have major responsibilities for the silica suspensions in aLIGO, and in the development of enhancements and upgrades to the aLIGO detectors (to form ALIGO+), along with R&D in the areas of mirror coatings for low thermal noise, silicon substrates, cryogenic suspensions and improved interferometer topologies to combat quantum noise

爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言，强引力场中的动力系统将以引力波（GW）的形式发射出大量的能量。这些是时空结构中的涟漪，它们以光速从它们的源头传播，携带着关于导致它们发射的物理过程的信息。2015年9月，在第一次高级LIGO观测运行期间，LIGO天文台发现了两个黑洞碰撞产生的引力波。GW 150914的发现使英国获得了2017年诺贝尔物理学奖，明确承认了英国作为全球团队的关键组成部分所发挥的作用。2017年8月，在第二次观测运行期间，LIGO和Virgo探测到了来自两颗中子星碰撞的第一个引力波信号。GW 170817与伽马射线暴（GRB）以及整个电磁频谱的信号一致，包括千诺瓦的光学和红外信号。这些发现建立了多信使天体物理学的新范式Advanced LIGO和Advanced Virgo O3的第三次观测运行于2019年4月1日开始，计划运行1个日历年，在此期间，日本KAGRA仪器预计将加入观测网络。GW源的建模允许更深入的搜索，来自LIGO，Virgo和GEO的数据增加了我们对天文现象的理解。我们现在能够对GWs进行定期观测。aLIGO探测器基于英国为GEO 600开发的准单片二氧化硅悬浮概念和我们的德国同事在GEO 600中开发的高功率激光器。AdV检测器还使用二氧化硅悬浮技术的变体。此外，KAGRA的建造还得到了英国集团对低温粘合技术的投入。由于自12年前首次数据采集运行以来获得的资金支持，该财团集团领导了天文来源的搜索。几个搜索的关键要素（精确的波形模型，数据分析的几何公式，以优化搜索，算法搜索通用突发，贝叶斯搜索和推理技术）是在卡迪夫和格拉斯哥开发的。我们提出了一个程序，利用数据从aLIGO和AdV，基于我们对最近LIGO/Virgo科学运行和GEO 600数据的分析，而先进的探测器正在建设中。特别是，我们将改进波形模型，并对合并双星、与GRB和超新星同时发射的GW以及来自旋转中子星的连续信号进行深入和广泛的参数空间搜索。同时，我们提出了必要的探测器研发。检测器的灵敏度主要受到与反射镜的基板、反射涂层和悬挂元件相关的热噪声的限制，也受到传感中所用光的量子性质所产生的噪声的限制。我们的研究目标是在这些领域进行创新性改进，这对最大限度地发挥GW天文台的天体物理潜力至关重要。我们主要负责aLIGO中的二氧化硅悬浮液，以及aLIGO探测器的增强和升级（以形成ALIGO+）的开发，沿着低热噪声反射镜涂层、硅衬底、低温悬浮液和改进干涉仪拓扑结构以对抗量子噪声的研发

项目成果

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;S. Abraham;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;A. Adams;C. Adams;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;T. Akutsu;K. M. Aleman;G. Allen;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;P. Aufmuth;K. AultONeal;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;M. Bals;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;R. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;S. Barnum;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;M. Benjamin;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;R. Bhandare;A. Bhandari;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;J. Bidler;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;J. Blackman;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;A. Buikema;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;L. Cadonati;M. Caesar;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;H. Cain;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Camp;M. Canepa;M. Cannavacciuolo;K. Cannon;H. Cao;J. Cao;Z. Cao;E. Capocasa;E. Capote;G. Carapella;F. Carbognani;J. Carlin;M. Carney;M. Carpinelli;Gregorio Carullo;T. Carver;J. C. Diaz;C. Casentini;G. Castaldi;S. Caudill;M. Cavaglià;F. Cavalier;R. Cavalieri;G. Cella;P. Cerd'a-Dur'an;E. Cesarini;W. Chaibi;K. Chakravarti;B. Champion;C. Chan;C. Chan;C. Chan;M. Chan;K. Chandra;P. Chanial;S. Chao;P. Charlton;E. Chase;É. Chassande-Mottin;D. Chatterjee;M. Chaturvedi;K. Chatziioannou;A. Chen;C. Chen;H. Chen;J. Chen;K. Chen;X. Chen;Y. Chen;Y.-R. Chen;Z. Chen;H. Cheng;C. Cheong;H. Cheung;H. Chia;F. Chiadini;C. Chiang;R. Chierici;A. Chincarini;M. Chiofalo;A. Chiummo;G. Cho;H. Cho;S. Choate;Rupesh Kumar Choudhary;S. Choudhary;N. Christensen;H. Chu;Q. Chu;Y. Chu;S. Chua;K. Chung;G. Ciani;P. Ciecieląg;M. Cie'slar;M. Cifaldi;A. Ciobanu;R. Ciolfi;F. Cipriano;A. Cirone;F. Clara;E. Clark;J. Clark;L. Clarke;P. Clearwater;S. Clesse;F. Cleva;E. Coccia;P. Cohadon;D. Cohen;L. Cohen;M. Colleoni;C. Collette;M. Colpi;C. Compton;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;I. Cordero-Carri'on;S. Corezzi;K. Corley;N. Cornish;D. Corre;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;R. Cotesta;M. Coughlin;S. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;B. Cousins;P. Couvares;P. Covas;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;A. Criswell;M. Croquette;S. Crowder;J. Cudell;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;R. Cummings;E. Cuoco;M. Curyło;T. D. Canton;G. D'alya;A. Dana;L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani;Beatrice D'Angelo;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;C. Darsow-Fromm;A. Dasgupta;L. Datrier;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;G. Davies;D. Davis;E. Daw;R. Dean;M. Deenadayalan;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Del'eglise;V. D. Favero;F. D. Lillo;N. D. Lillo;W. D. Pozzo;L. DeMarchi;F. Matteis;V. D'Emilio;N. Demos;T. Dent;A. Depasse;R. Pietri;R. Rosa;C. D. Rossi;R. DeSalvo;R. Simone;S. Dhurandhar;M. D'iaz;M. Diaz-Ortiz;N. Didio;T. Dietrich;L. Fiore;C. D. Fronzo;C. Giorgio;F. D. Giovanni;T. D. Girolamo;A. Lieto;B. Ding;S. D. Pace;I. Palma;F. Renzo;A. K. Divakarla;A. Dmitriev;Zoheyr Doctor;L. D’Onofrio;F. Donovan;K. Dooley;S. Doravari;I. Dorrington;M. Drago;J. Driggers;Y. Drori;Z. Du;J. Ducoin;P. Dupej;O. Durante;D. D’Urso;P. Duverne;S. Dwyer;P. Easter;M. Ebersold;G. Eddolls;B. Edelman;T. Edo;O. Edy;A. Effler;S. Eguchi;J. Eichholz;S. Eikenberry;M. Eisenmann;R. Eisenstein;A. Ejlli;Y. Enomoto;L. Errico;R. Essick;H. Estell'es;D. Estevez;Z. Etienne;T. Etzel;M. Evans;T. Evans;B. Ewing;V. Fafone;H. Fair;S. Fairhurst;X. Fan;A. M. Farah;S. Farinon;B. Farr;W. Farr;N. Farrow;E. Fauchon-Jones;Marc Favata;M. Fays;M. Fazio;J. Feicht;M. Fejer;F. Feng;E. Fenyvesi;D. Ferguson;Á. Fernández-Galiana;I. Ferrante;T. A. Ferreira;F. Fidecaro;P. Figura;I. Fiori;M. Fishbach;R. Fisher;J. Fishner;R. Fittipaldi;V. Fiumara;R. Flaminio;E. Floden;E. Flynn;H. Fong;J. Font;B. Fornal;P. Forsyth;A. Franke;S. Frasca;F. Frasconi;C. Frederick;Z. Frei;A. Freise;R. Frey;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;G. G. Fronz'e-G.;Y. Fujii;Y. Fujikawa;M. Fukunaga;M. Fukushima;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;H. Gabbard;B. Gadre;S. Gaebel;J. Gair;J. Gais;S. Galaudage;R. Gamba;D. Ganapathy;A. Ganguly;D. Gao;S. Gaonkar;B. Garaventa;C. Garc'ia-N'unez;C. Garc'ia-Quir'os;F. Garufi;B. Gateley;S. Gaudio;V. Gayathri;G. Ge;G. Gemme;A. Gennai;J. George;L. Gergely;P. Gewecke;S. Ghonge;A. Ghosh;A. Ghosh;Shaon Ghosh;Shrobana Ghosh;Sourath Ghosh;B. Giacomazzo;L. Giacoppo;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;D. Gibson;C. Gier;M. Giesler;P. Giri;F. Gissi;J. Glanzer;A. Gleckl;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;R. Goetz;N. Gohlke;B. Goncharov;G. Gonz'alez;A. Gopakumar;M. Gosselin;R. Gouaty;B. Grace;A. Grado;M. Granata;V. Granata;A. Grant;S. Gras;P. Grassia;C. Gray;R. Gray;G. Greco;A. Green;R. Green;A. Gretarsson;E. Gretarsson;D. Griffith;W. Griffiths;H. L. Griggs;G. Grignani;A. Grimaldi;E. Grimes;S. Grimm;H. Grote;S. Grunewald;P. Gruning;J. G. Guerrero;G. Guidi;A. R. Guimaraes;G. Guix'e;H. Gulati;H.-K. Guo;Y. Guo;Anchal Gupta;Anuradha Gupta;P. Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;F. Guzmán;S. Ha;L. Haegel;A. Hagiwara;S. Haino;O. Halim;E. Hall;E. Hamilton;G. Hammond;W. Han;M. Haney;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;M. Hannam;O. Hannuksela;H. Hansen;T. Hansen;J. Hanson;T. Harder;T. Hardwick;K. Haris;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;D. Hartwig;K. Hasegawa;B. Haskell;R. Hasskew;C. Haster;K. Hattori;K. Haughian;H. Hayakawa;K. Hayama;F. Hayes;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;M. Heintze;J. Heinze;J. Heinzel;H. Heitmann;F. Hellman;P. Hello;A. Helmling-Cornell;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;E. Hennes;J. Hennig;M. Hennig;F. Vivanco;M. Heurs;S. Hild;P. Hill;Y. Himemoto;A. Hines;Y. Hiranuma;N. Hirata;E. Hirose;W. Ho;S. Hochheim;D. Hofman;J. Hohmann;A. M. Holgado;N. Holland;I. J. Hollows;Z. J. Holmes;K. Holt;D. Holz;Z. Hong;P. Hopkins;J. Hough;E. Howell;C. Hoy;D. Hoyland;A. Hreibi;B. Hsieh;Y. Hsu;G-Z. Huang;H. Huang;P. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;Y.-W. Huang;M. Hubner;A. Huddart;E. Huerta;B. Hughey;D. Hui;V. Hui;S. Husa;S. Huttner;R. Huxford;T. Huynh--Dinh-T.-Huynh--Dinh-1381195806;S. Ide;B. Idzkowski;A. Iess;B. Ikenoue;S. Imam;K. Inayoshi;H. Inchauspé;C. Ingram;Y. Inoue;G. Intini;K. Ioka;M. Isi;K. Isleif;K. Ito;Y. Itoh;B. Iyer;K. Izumi;V. JaberianHamedan;T. Jacqmin;S. Jadhav;S. Jadhav;A. James;A. Jan;K. Jani;K. Janssens;N. Janthalur;P. Jaranowski;D. Jariwala;R. Jaume;A. Jenkins;C. Jeon;M. Jeunon;W. Jia;J. Jiang;H. Jin;G. Johns;A. Jones;D. Jones;J. Jones;P. Jones;R. Jones;R. Jonker;L. Ju;K. Jung;P. Jung;J. Junker;K. Kaihotsu;T. Kajita;M. Kakizaki;C. Kalaghatgi;V. Kalogera;B. Kamai;M. Kamiizumi;N. Kanda;S. Kandhasamy;G. Kang;J. Kanner;Y. Kao;S. Kapadia;D. Kapasi;C. Karathanasis;S. Karki;R. Kashyap;M. Kasprzack;W. Kastaun;S. Katsanevas;E. Katsavounidis;W. Katzman;T. Kaur;K. Kawabe;K. Kawaguchi;N. Kawai;T. Kawasaki;F. K'ef'elian;D. Keitel;J. Key;S. Khadka;F. Khalili;I. Khan;S. Khan;E. Khazanov;N. Khetan;M. Khursheed;N. Kijbunchoo;C. Kim;J. Kim;J. Kim;K. Kim;W. Kim;Y. Kim;C. Kimball;N. Kimura;P. King;M. Kinley-Hanlon;R. Kirchhoff;J. Kissel;N. Kita;H. Kitazawa;L. Kleybolte;S. Klimenko;A. Knee;T. Knowles;E. 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Erratum: Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model [Phys. Rev. D 100 , 122002 (2019)]

勘误：使用改进的隐马尔可夫模型在第二次高级 LIGO 观测运行中搜索来自 Scorpius X-1 的引力波 [Phys.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.109903
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott B

Erratum: "Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from 15 Supernova Remnants and Fomalhaut b with Advanced LIGO" (2019, ApJ, 875, 122) *

勘误表：“利用先进的 LIGO 从 15 个超新星遗迹和北落师门 b 中搜索连续引力波”（2019 年，ApJ，875, 122）*

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1f2c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott B

Erratum: "Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Nine Young Supernova Remnants" (2015, ApJ, 813, 39) *

勘误表：“从九个年轻超新星遗迹中搜索连续引力波”（2015 年，ApJ，813, 39）*

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1f2d
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Aasi J