Investigations in Gravitational Radiation

引力辐射研究

• 批准号: ST/V005634/1
• 负责人: Sheila Rowan
• 金额: $ 761.31万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV005634%2F1
• 关键词: Investigations; Gravitational; Radiation

Einstein's General Relativity predicts that dynamical systems in strong gravitational fields will emit vast amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves (GW). These are ripples in the very fabric of spacetime that travel from their sources at the speed of light, carrying information about physical processes responsible for their emission. They are among the most elusive signals from the deepest reaches in the Universe.In September 2015, during the 1st Advanced LIGO observing run, gravitational waves from the collision of two black holes were discovered using the LIGO observatories. The detection of GW150914 resulted in the award of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics with explicit recognition of the role of the UK as a critical part of the global team.In August 2017, during the 2nd observing run, LIGO and Virgo detected the first gravitational wave signal from the collision of two neutron stars. GW170817 was observed in coincidence with a gamma-ray burst (GRB) as well as signals across the electromagnetic spectrum, including the optical and infra-red signature of a kilonova. These discoveries have established a new paradigm of multi-messenger astrophysicsThe 3rd observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (AdV), O3, started on 1st April 2019 and ended in March 2020 during the end of which time the Japanese KAGRA instrument joined the observing network. Modelling GW sources has allowed deeper searches and data from LIGO, Virgo, and GEO have increased our understanding of astronomical phenomena. We are now able to make regular observations of GWs. To date close to 60 observations of coalescing objects, with an unexpectedly wide range of masses, have been made, with event rates being approximately 1 per week. We now have evidence for the existence of black hole/neutron star binaries, the existence of objects in the mass gap between accepted neutron star masses and black hole masses and the first real experimental evidence for the existence of intermediate mass black holes.The aLIGO detectors are based on the quasi-monolithic silica suspension concept developed in the UK for GEO600 and on the high-power lasers developed by our German colleagues in GEO600. The AdV detector also uses a variant of the silica suspension technology. Further, KAGRA is being built with input on cryogenic bonding technology from the UK groups.The consortium groups have led searches for astronomical sources, thanks to funding support received, since first data taking runs began 18 years ago. Key ingredients of several searches were developed at Glasgow.We propose a programme that exploits data from aLIGO, AdV, and KAGRA building on our analysis of data from the most recent LIGO/Virgo science runs. In particular we will observe and analyse signals from the LIGO / Virgo/ KAGRA detector network with particular emphasis on compact binary inference, population and cosmological measurements - measurement of the Hubble Constant and tests of General Relativity, application of machine learning techniques for increased efficiency in modelling signals. performing searches etc and the search for gravitational wave emission from neutron stars.In parallel, we propose essential detector R&D. Detector sensitivity is mainly limited by thermal noise associated with the substrates of the mirrors, their reflective coatings, and their suspension elements, as well as by noise resulting from the quantum nature of the light used in sensing. Our research is targeted towards making innovative improvements in these areas, essential to maximize the astrophysical potential of GW observatories. We have major responsibilities for the silica suspensions in aLIGO, and in the development of enhancements and upgrades to the aLIGO detectors (to form aLIGO+), along with R&D in the areas of mirror coatings for low thermal noise, silicon substrates, cryogenic suspensions and improved interferometer topologies to combat quantum noise.

爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言，处于强引力场中的动力系统将以引力波(GW)的形式发出大量能量。这些是时空结构中的涟漪，它们以光速从源头传播，携带着有关造成它们发射的物理过程的信息。它们是来自宇宙最深处的最难以捉摸的信号之一。2015年9月，在第一次高级LIGO观测期间，利用LIGO天文台发现了两个黑洞碰撞产生的引力波。GW150914的探测获得了2017年诺贝尔物理学奖，明确承认了英国作为全球团队关键组成部分的作用。2017年8月，在第二次观测运行中，LIGO和处女座探测到了第一个来自两颗中子星碰撞的引力波信号。观测到的GW170817与伽马射线暴(GRB)以及整个电磁光谱上的信号一致，包括千诺瓦的光学和红外特征。这些发现建立了多信使天体物理的新范式高级LIGO和高级处女座(ADV)03的第三次观测于2019年4月1日开始，于2020年3月结束，在此期间，日本KAGRA仪器加入了观测网络。对GW源进行建模可以进行更深入的搜索，来自LIGO、处女座和GEO的数据增加了我们对天文现象的理解。我们现在能够对GWS进行定期观测。到目前为止，已经对具有出人意料的广泛质量的聚集物进行了近60次观测，事件发生率约为每周1次。我们现在有证据证明黑洞/中子星双星的存在，在公认的中子星质量和黑洞质量之间的质量间隙中存在物体，以及第一个真正的实验证据，证明中等质量黑洞的存在。aLIGO探测器基于英国为GEO600开发的准单片硅悬浮概念，以及我们的德国同事在GEO600开发的高功率激光。ADV探测器还使用了二氧化硅悬浮技术的一种变体。此外，KAGRA正在利用英国小组对低温结合技术的投入进行建造。自从18年前开始第一次数据采集以来，由于获得资金支持，这些联盟小组一直在领导对天文来源的搜索。格拉斯哥开发了几个搜索的关键成分。我们提出了一个计划，利用来自LIGO、ADV和KAGRA的数据，建立在我们对最近LIGO/处女座科学运行数据的分析基础上。特别是，我们将观察和分析来自LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA探测器网络的信号，特别强调紧凑的双星推理、种群和宇宙学测量--哈勃常数的测量和广义相对论测试，以及提高信号建模效率的机器学习技术的应用。同时，我们提出了基本的探测器研发。探测器的灵敏度主要受到与反射镜的衬底、反射涂层和悬浮元件相关的热噪声以及由用于传感的光的量子性质引起的噪声的限制。我们的研究目标是在这些领域进行创新改进，这对于最大限度地发挥GW天文台的天体物理潜力至关重要。我们主要负责aLIGO中的二氧化硅悬浮液，以及aLIGO探测器的增强和升级(形成aLIGO+)，以及用于低热噪声的镜面镀膜、硅衬底、低温悬浮液和用于对抗量子噪声的改进干涉仪拓扑结构的研发。

项目成果

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.102001
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;U. Bhardwaj;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. 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Cleva;E. Coccia;E. Codazzo;P. Cohadon;D. Cohen;L. Cohen;M. Colleoni;C. Collette;A. Colombo;M. Colpi;C. Compton;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;I. Cordero-Carri'on;S. Corezzi;K. Corley;N. Cornish;D. Corre;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;R. Cotesta;M. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;B. Cousins;P. Couvares;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;A. Criswell;M. Croquette;S. Crowder;J. Cudell;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;R. Cummings;L. Cunningham;E. Cuoco;M. Curyło;P. Dabadie;T. D. Canton;S. Dall’Osso;G. D'alya;A. Dana;L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani;Beatrice D'Angelo;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;C. Darsow-Fromm;A. Dasgupta;L. Datrier;S. Datta;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;G. Davies;D. Davis;M. Davis;E. Daw;R. Dean;D. DeBra;M. Deenadayalan;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Del'eglise;V. D. Favero;F. D. Lillo;N. D. Lillo;W. D. Pozzo;L. DeMarchi;F. Matteis;V. D'Emilio;N. Demos;T. Dent;A. Depasse;R. Pietri;R. Rosa;C. D. Rossi;R. DeSalvo;R. D. Simone;S. 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Guidi;A. R. Guimaraes;G. Guix'e;H. Gulati;H.-K. Guo;Y. Guo;Anchal Gupta;Anuradha Gupta;P. Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;F. Guzmán;S. Ha;L. Haegel;A. Hagiwara;S. Haino;O. Halim;E. Hall;E. Hamilton;G. Hammond;W. Han;M. Haney;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;M. Hannam;O. Hannuksela;H. Hansen;T. Hansen;J. Hanson;T. Harder;T. Hardwick;K. Haris;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;D. Hartwig;K. Hasegawa;B. Haskell;R. Hasskew;C. Haster;K. Hattori;K. Haughian;H. Hayakawa;K. Hayama;F. Hayes;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;A. Heidt;M. Heintze;J. Heinze;J. Heinzel;H. Heitmann;F. Hellman;P. Hello;A. Helmling-Cornell;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;E. Hennes;J. Hennig;M. Hennig;A. Hernandez;F. Vivanco;M. Heurs;S. Hild;P. Hill;Y. Himemoto;A. Hines;Y. Hiranuma;N. Hirata;E. Hirose;S. Hochheim;D. Hofman;J. Hohmann;D. Holcomb;N. Holland;I. J. Hollows;Z. J. Holmes;K. Holt;D. Holz;Z. Hong;P. Hopkins;J. Hough;S. Hourihane;E. Howell;C. Hoy;D. Hoyland;A. Hreibi;B. Hsieh;Y. Hsu;G-Z. Huang;H. Huang;P. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;M. 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Mccormick;L. McCuller;G. McGhee;S. Mcguire;C. McIsaac;J. McIver;T. McRae;S. McWilliams;D. Meacher;M. Mehmet;A. Mehta;Q. Meijer;A. Melatos;D. Melchor;G. Mendell;A. Menéndez-Vázquez;C. Menoni;R. Mercer;L. Mereni;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;J. D. Merritt;M. Merzougui;S. Meshkov;C. Messenger;C. Messick;P. Meyers;F. Meylahn;A. Mhaske;A. Miani;H. Miao;I. Michaloliakos;C. Michel;Y. Michimura;H. Middleton;L. Milano;A. Miller;A. Miller;B. Miller;M. Millhouse;J. Mills;E. Milotti;O. Minazzoli;Y. Minenkov;N. Mio;L. Mir;M. Miravet-Ten'es;C. Mishra;T. Mishra;T. Mistry;S. Mitra;V. Mitrofanov;G. Mitselmakher;R. Mittleman;O. Miyakawa;A. Miyamoto;Y. Miyazaki;K. Miyo;S. Miyoki;G. Mo;E. Moguel;K. Mogushi;S. Mohapatra;S. R. Mohite;I. Molina;M. Molina-Ruiz;M. Mondin;M. Montani;C. Moore;D. Moraru;F. Morawski;A. More;C. Moreno;G. Moreno;Y. Mori;S. Morisaki;Y. Moriwaki;B. Mours;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;F. Muciaccia;A. Mukherjee;D. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;N. Mukund;A. Mullavey;J. Munch;E. 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Schmidt;S. Schmidt;R. Schnabel;M. Schneewind;R. Schofield;A. Schonbeck;B. Schulte;B. Schutz;E. Schwartz;J. Scott;S. Scott;M. Seglar-Arroyo;T. Sekiguchi;Y. Sekiguchi;D. Sellers;A. Sengupta;D. Sentenac;E. Seo;V. Sequino;A. Sergeev;Y. Setyawati;T. Shaffer;M. Shahriar;B. Shams;L. Shao;A. Sharma;P. Sharma;P. Shawhan;N. Shcheblanov;S. Shibagaki;M. Shikauchi;R. Shimizu;T. Shimoda;K. Shimode;H. Shinkai;T. Shishido;A. Shoda;D. Shoemaker;D. Shoemaker;S. ShyamSundar;M. Sieniawska;D. Sigg;L. Singer;D. Singh;N. Singh;A. Singha;A. Sintes;V. Sipala;V. Skliris;B. Slagmolen;T. Slaven-Blair;J. Smetana;J. R. Smith;R. Smith;J. Soldateschi;S. Somala;K. Somiya;E. Son;K. Soni;S. Soni;V. Sordini;F. Sorrentino;N. Sorrentino;H. Sotani;R. Soulard;T. Souradeep;E. Sowell;V. Spagnuolo;A. Spencer;M. Spera;R. Srinivasan;A. Srivastava;V. Srivastava;K. Staats;C. Stachie;D. Steer;J. Steinlechner;S. Steinlechner;D. Stops;M. Stover;K. Strain;L. Strang;G. Stratta;A. Strunk;R. Sturani;A. Stuver;S. Sudhagar;V. Sudhir;R. Sugimoto;H. Suh;T. Summerscales;H. Sun;L. Sun;S. Sunil;A. Sur;J. Suresh;P. Sutton;Takamasa Suzuki;Toshikazu Suzuki;B. Swinkels;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;P. Szewczyk;M. Tacca;H. Tagoshi;S. Tait;H. Takahashi;R. Takahashi;A. Takamori;S. Takano;H. Takeda;M. Takeda;C. Talbot;C. Talbot;H. Tanaka;Kazuyuki Tanaka;Kentaro Tanaka;Taiki Tanaka;Takahiro Tanaka;A. Tanasijczuk;S. Tanioka;D. Tanner;D. Tao;L. Tao;E. Mart'in;C. Taranto;J. Tasson;S. Telada;R. Tenorio;J. Terhune;L. Terkowski;M. Thirugnanasambandam;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;J. E. Thompson;S. R. Thondapu;K. Thorne;E. Thrane;S. Tiwari;S. Tiwari;V. Tiwari;A. Toivonen;K. Toland;A. Tolley;T. Tomaru;Y. Tomigami;T. Tomura;M. Tonelli;A. Torres-Forn'e;C. Torrie;I. T. E. Melo;D. Toyra;A. Trapananti;F. Travasso;G. Traylor;M. Trevor;M. Tringali;A. Tripathee;L. Troiano;A. Trovato;L. Trozzo;R. Trudeau;D. Tsai;D. Tsai;K. W. Tsang;T. Tsang;J. Tsao;M. Tse;R. Tso;K. Tsubono;S. Tsuchida;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;T. Tsuzuki;K. Turbang;M. Turconi;D. Tuyenbayev;A. Ubhi;N. Uchikata;T. Uchiyama;R. Udall;A. Ueda;T. Uehara;K. Ueno;G. Ueshima;C. Unnikrishnan;F. Uraguchi;A. Urban;T. Ushiba;A. Utina;H. Vahlbruch;G. Vajente;A. Vajpeyi;G. Valdes;M. Valentini;V. Valsan;N. Bakel;M. Beuzekom;J. Brand;C. Broeck;D. Vander-Hyde;L. V. D. Schaaf;J. V. Heijningen;J. Vanosky;M. Putten;N. Remortel;M. Vardaro;A. Vargas;V. Varma;M. Vas'uth;A. Vecchio;G. Vedovato;J. Veitch;P. Veitch;J. Venneberg;Gautam Venugopalan;D. Verkindt;P. Verma;Y. Verma;D. Veske;F. Vetrano;A. Vicer'e;S. Vidyant;A. Viets;A. Vijaykumar;V. Villa-Ortega;J. Vinet;A. Virtuoso;S. Vitale;T. Vo;H. Vocca;E. V. Reis;J. Wrangel;C. Vorvick;S. Vyatchanin;L. Wade;M. Wade;K. Wagner;R. Walet;M. Walker;G. Wallace;L. Wallace;S. Walsh;J. Wang;J. Wang;W. H. Wang;R. Ward;J. Warner;M. Was;T. Washimi;N. Y. Washington;J. Watchi;B. Weaver;S. Webster;M. Weinert;A. Weinstein;R. Weiss;C. Weller;F. Wellmann;L. Wen;P. Wessels;K. Wette;J. Whelan;D. White;B. Whiting;C. Whittle;D. Wilken;D. Williams;M. Williams;A. Williamson;J. Willis;B. Willke;D. J. Wilson;W. Winkler;C. Wipf;T. Włodarczyk;G. Woan;J. Woehler;J. Wofford;I. C. Wong;C. Wu;D. Wu;H. Wu;S. Wu;D. Wysocki;L. Xiao;W-R. Xu;T. Yamada;H. Yamamoto;Kazuhiro Yamamoto;Kohei Yamamoto;T. Yamamoto;K. Yamashita;R. Yamazaki;F. Yang;L. Yang;Y. Yang;Yang Yang-Yang;Z. Yang;M. Yap;D. Yeeles;A. Yelikar;M. Ying;K. Yokogawa;J. Yokoyama;T. Yokozawa;J. Yoo;T. Yoshioka;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;H. Yuzurihara;A. Zadro.zny;M. Zanolin;S. Zeidler;T. Zelenova;J. Zendri;M. Zevin;M. Zhan;H. Zhang;J. Zhang;L. Zhang;T. Zhang;Y. Zhang;C. Zhao;G. Zhao;Y. Zhao;Yue Zhao;R. Zhou;Z. Zhou;X. Zhu;Z. Zhu;A. B. Zimmerman;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abdcb7
• 发表时间: 2021-03-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.

Searches for continuous gravitational waves from young supernova remnants in the early third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac17ea
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal

Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.13.011048
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley