Investigations in Gravitational Radiation

引力辐射研究

• 批准号: ST/V005634/1
• 负责人: Sheila Rowan
• 金额: $ 761.31万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV005634%2F1
• 关键词: Investigations; Gravitational; Radiation

Einstein's General Relativity predicts that dynamical systems in strong gravitational fields will emit vast amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves (GW). These are ripples in the very fabric of spacetime that travel from their sources at the speed of light, carrying information about physical processes responsible for their emission. They are among the most elusive signals from the deepest reaches in the Universe.In September 2015, during the 1st Advanced LIGO observing run, gravitational waves from the collision of two black holes were discovered using the LIGO observatories. The detection of GW150914 resulted in the award of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics with explicit recognition of the role of the UK as a critical part of the global team.In August 2017, during the 2nd observing run, LIGO and Virgo detected the first gravitational wave signal from the collision of two neutron stars. GW170817 was observed in coincidence with a gamma-ray burst (GRB) as well as signals across the electromagnetic spectrum, including the optical and infra-red signature of a kilonova. These discoveries have established a new paradigm of multi-messenger astrophysicsThe 3rd observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (AdV), O3, started on 1st April 2019 and ended in March 2020 during the end of which time the Japanese KAGRA instrument joined the observing network. Modelling GW sources has allowed deeper searches and data from LIGO, Virgo, and GEO have increased our understanding of astronomical phenomena. We are now able to make regular observations of GWs. To date close to 60 observations of coalescing objects, with an unexpectedly wide range of masses, have been made, with event rates being approximately 1 per week. We now have evidence for the existence of black hole/neutron star binaries, the existence of objects in the mass gap between accepted neutron star masses and black hole masses and the first real experimental evidence for the existence of intermediate mass black holes.The aLIGO detectors are based on the quasi-monolithic silica suspension concept developed in the UK for GEO600 and on the high-power lasers developed by our German colleagues in GEO600. The AdV detector also uses a variant of the silica suspension technology. Further, KAGRA is being built with input on cryogenic bonding technology from the UK groups.The consortium groups have led searches for astronomical sources, thanks to funding support received, since first data taking runs began 18 years ago. Key ingredients of several searches were developed at Glasgow.We propose a programme that exploits data from aLIGO, AdV, and KAGRA building on our analysis of data from the most recent LIGO/Virgo science runs. In particular we will observe and analyse signals from the LIGO / Virgo/ KAGRA detector network with particular emphasis on compact binary inference, population and cosmological measurements - measurement of the Hubble Constant and tests of General Relativity, application of machine learning techniques for increased efficiency in modelling signals. performing searches etc and the search for gravitational wave emission from neutron stars.In parallel, we propose essential detector R&D. Detector sensitivity is mainly limited by thermal noise associated with the substrates of the mirrors, their reflective coatings, and their suspension elements, as well as by noise resulting from the quantum nature of the light used in sensing. Our research is targeted towards making innovative improvements in these areas, essential to maximize the astrophysical potential of GW observatories. We have major responsibilities for the silica suspensions in aLIGO, and in the development of enhancements and upgrades to the aLIGO detectors (to form aLIGO+), along with R&D in the areas of mirror coatings for low thermal noise, silicon substrates, cryogenic suspensions and improved interferometer topologies to combat quantum noise.

爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言，强引力场中的动力系统将以引力波（GW）的形式发射出大量的能量。这些是时空结构中的涟漪，它们以光速从它们的源头传播，携带着关于导致它们发射的物理过程的信息。2015年9月，在第一次高级LIGO观测运行期间，LIGO天文台发现了两个黑洞碰撞产生的引力波。GW 150914的发现使英国获得了2017年诺贝尔物理学奖，这是对英国作为全球团队的重要组成部分的明确认可。2017年8月，在第二次观测运行期间，LIGO和Virgo探测到了来自两颗中子星碰撞的第一个引力波信号。GW 170817与伽马射线暴（GRB）以及整个电磁频谱的信号一致，包括千诺瓦的光学和红外信号。这些发现建立了多信使天体物理学的新范式Advanced LIGO和Advanced Virgo（AdV）的第三次观测运行O3于2019年4月1日开始，并于2020年3月结束，在此期间，日本KAGRA仪器加入了观测网络。GW源的建模允许更深入的搜索，来自LIGO，Virgo和GEO的数据增加了我们对天文现象的理解。我们现在能够对GWs进行定期观测。到目前为止，已经对合并中的物体进行了近60次观测，其质量范围出乎意料地广泛，事件发生率约为每周1次。我们现在有了黑洞/中子星星双星存在的证据，在公认的中子星星质量和黑洞质量之间的质量间隙中存在物体，以及中等质量黑洞存在的第一个真实的实验证据。aLIGO探测器基于英国为GEO 600开发的准单块二氧化硅悬浮概念和高质量的我们的德国同事在GEO 600中开发的高功率激光器。AdV检测器还使用二氧化硅悬浮技术的变体。此外，KAGRA正在建造中，来自英国集团的低温粘合技术投入。由于获得了资金支持，自18年前首次数据采集运行以来，该财团集团一直在领导天文源的搜索。几个搜索的关键成分是在格拉斯哥开发的。我们提出了一个方案，利用从aLIGO，AdV和KAGRA建设我们的分析数据从最近的LIGO/处女座科学运行的数据。特别是，我们将观察和分析来自LIGO / Virgo/ KAGRA探测器网络的信号，特别强调紧凑的二进制推断，人口和宇宙学测量-哈勃常数的测量和广义相对论的测试，机器学习技术的应用，以提高建模信号的效率。执行搜索等和寻找引力波发射的中子星。在平行，我们提出了必要的探测器研发。检测器的灵敏度主要受到与反射镜的基板、反射涂层和悬挂元件相关的热噪声的限制，也受到传感中所用光的量子性质所产生的噪声的限制。我们的研究目标是在这些领域进行创新性改进，这对最大限度地发挥GW天文台的天体物理潜力至关重要。我们主要负责aLIGO中的二氧化硅悬浮液，以及aLIGO探测器的增强和升级（形成aLIGO+）的开发，沿着在低热噪声反射镜涂层、硅衬底、低温悬浮液和改进干涉仪拓扑结构以对抗量子噪声等领域的研发。

项目成果

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.102001
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;U. Bhardwaj;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Cameron;J. Camp;M. Canepa;S. Canevarolo;M. Cannavacciuolo;K. Cannon;H. Cao;Z. Cao;E. Capocasa;E. Capote;G. Carapella;F. Carbognani;J. B. Carlin;M. Carney;M. Carpinelli;G. Carrillo;G. Carullo;T. Carver;J. C. Diaz;C. Casentini;G. Castaldi;S. Caudill;M. Cavaglià;F. Cavalier;R. Cavalieri;M. Ceasar;G. Cella;P. Cerd'a-Dur'an;E. Cesarini;W. Chaibi;K. Chakravarti;S. C. Subrahmanya;E. Champion;C. Chan;C. Chan;C. Chan;K. Chan;M. Chan;K. Chandra;P. Chanial;S. Chao;P. Charlton;E. Chase;E. Chassande-Mottin;C. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;M. Chaturvedi;S. Chaty;C. Chen;H. Chen;J. Chen;K. Chen;X. Chen;Y. Chen;Y.-R. Chen;Z. Chen;H. Cheng;C. Cheong;H. Cheung;H. Chia;F. Chiadini;C. Chiang;G. Chiarini;R. Chierici;A. Chincarini;M. Chiofalo;A. Chiummo;G. Cho;H. Cho;R. K. Choudhary;S. Choudhary;N. Christensen;H. Chu;Q. Chu;Y. Chu;S. Chua;K. Chung;G. Ciani;P. Ciecieląg;M. Cie'slar;M. Cifaldi;A. Ciobanu;R. Ciolfi;F. Cipriano;A. Cirone;F. Clara;E. Clark;J. Clark;L. Clarke;P. Clearwater;S. Clesse;F. Cleva;E. Coccia;E. Codazzo;P. Cohadon;D. Cohen;L. Cohen;M. Colleoni;C. Collette;A. Colombo;M. Colpi;C. Compton;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;I. Cordero-Carri'on;S. Corezzi;K. Corley;N. Cornish;D. Corre;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;R. Cotesta;M. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;B. Cousins;P. Couvares;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;A. Criswell;M. Croquette;S. Crowder;J. Cudell;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;R. Cummings;L. Cunningham;E. Cuoco;M. Curyło;P. Dabadie;T. D. Canton;S. Dall’Osso;G. D'alya;A. Dana;L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani;Beatrice D'Angelo;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;C. Darsow-Fromm;A. Dasgupta;L. Datrier;S. Datta;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;G. Davies;D. Davis;M. Davis;E. Daw;R. Dean;D. DeBra;M. Deenadayalan;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Del'eglise;V. D. Favero;F. D. Lillo;N. D. Lillo;W. D. Pozzo;L. DeMarchi;F. Matteis;V. D'Emilio;N. Demos;T. Dent;A. Depasse;R. Pietri;R. Rosa;C. D. Rossi;R. DeSalvo;R. D. Simone;S. 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Guidi;A. R. Guimaraes;G. Guix'e;H. Gulati;H.-K. Guo;Y. Guo;Anchal Gupta;Anuradha Gupta;P. Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;F. Guzmán;S. Ha;L. Haegel;A. Hagiwara;S. Haino;O. Halim;E. Hall;E. Hamilton;G. Hammond;W. Han;M. Haney;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;M. Hannam;O. Hannuksela;H. Hansen;T. Hansen;J. Hanson;T. Harder;T. Hardwick;K. Haris;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;D. Hartwig;K. Hasegawa;B. Haskell;R. Hasskew;C. Haster;K. Hattori;K. Haughian;H. Hayakawa;K. Hayama;F. Hayes;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;A. Heidt;M. Heintze;J. Heinze;J. Heinzel;H. Heitmann;F. Hellman;P. Hello;A. Helmling-Cornell;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;E. Hennes;J. Hennig;M. Hennig;A. Hernandez;F. Vivanco;M. Heurs;S. Hild;P. Hill;Y. Himemoto;A. Hines;Y. Hiranuma;N. Hirata;E. Hirose;S. Hochheim;D. Hofman;J. Hohmann;D. Holcomb;N. Holland;I. J. Hollows;Z. J. Holmes;K. Holt;D. Holz;Z. Hong;P. Hopkins;J. Hough;S. Hourihane;E. Howell;C. Hoy;D. Hoyland;A. Hreibi;B. Hsieh;Y. Hsu;G-Z. Huang;H. Huang;P. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;M. 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Mccormick;L. McCuller;G. McGhee;S. Mcguire;C. McIsaac;J. McIver;T. McRae;S. McWilliams;D. Meacher;M. Mehmet;A. Mehta;Q. Meijer;A. Melatos;D. Melchor;G. Mendell;A. Menéndez-Vázquez;C. Menoni;R. Mercer;L. Mereni;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;J. D. Merritt;M. Merzougui;S. Meshkov;C. Messenger;C. Messick;P. Meyers;F. Meylahn;A. Mhaske;A. Miani;H. Miao;I. Michaloliakos;C. Michel;Y. Michimura;H. Middleton;L. Milano;A. Miller;A. Miller;B. Miller;M. Millhouse;J. Mills;E. Milotti;O. Minazzoli;Y. Minenkov;N. Mio;L. Mir;M. Miravet-Ten'es;C. Mishra;T. Mishra;T. Mistry;S. Mitra;V. Mitrofanov;G. Mitselmakher;R. Mittleman;O. Miyakawa;A. Miyamoto;Y. Miyazaki;K. Miyo;S. Miyoki;G. Mo;E. Moguel;K. Mogushi;S. Mohapatra;S. R. Mohite;I. Molina;M. Molina-Ruiz;M. Mondin;M. Montani;C. Moore;D. Moraru;F. Morawski;A. More;C. Moreno;G. Moreno;Y. Mori;S. Morisaki;Y. Moriwaki;B. Mours;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;F. Muciaccia;A. Mukherjee;D. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;N. Mukund;A. Mullavey;J. Munch;E. 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Schmidt;S. Schmidt;R. Schnabel;M. Schneewind;R. Schofield;A. Schonbeck;B. Schulte;B. Schutz;E. Schwartz;J. Scott;S. Scott;M. Seglar-Arroyo;T. Sekiguchi;Y. Sekiguchi;D. Sellers;A. Sengupta;D. Sentenac;E. Seo;V. Sequino;A. Sergeev;Y. Setyawati;T. Shaffer;M. Shahriar;B. Shams;L. Shao;A. Sharma;P. Sharma;P. Shawhan;N. Shcheblanov;S. Shibagaki;M. Shikauchi;R. Shimizu;T. Shimoda;K. Shimode;H. Shinkai;T. Shishido;A. Shoda;D. Shoemaker;D. Shoemaker;S. ShyamSundar;M. Sieniawska;D. Sigg;L. Singer;D. Singh;N. Singh;A. Singha;A. Sintes;V. Sipala;V. Skliris;B. Slagmolen;T. Slaven-Blair;J. Smetana;J. R. Smith;R. Smith;J. Soldateschi;S. Somala;K. Somiya;E. Son;K. Soni;S. Soni;V. Sordini;F. Sorrentino;N. Sorrentino;H. Sotani;R. Soulard;T. Souradeep;E. Sowell;V. Spagnuolo;A. Spencer;M. Spera;R. Srinivasan;A. Srivastava;V. Srivastava;K. Staats;C. Stachie;D. Steer;J. Steinlechner;S. Steinlechner;D. Stops;M. Stover;K. Strain;L. Strang;G. Stratta;A. Strunk;R. Sturani;A. Stuver;S. Sudhagar;V. Sudhir;R. Sugimoto;H. Suh;T. Summerscales;H. Sun;L. Sun;S. Sunil;A. Sur;J. Suresh;P. Sutton;Takamasa Suzuki;Toshikazu Suzuki;B. Swinkels;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;P. Szewczyk;M. Tacca;H. Tagoshi;S. Tait;H. Takahashi;R. Takahashi;A. Takamori;S. Takano;H. Takeda;M. Takeda;C. Talbot;C. Talbot;H. Tanaka;Kazuyuki Tanaka;Kentaro Tanaka;Taiki Tanaka;Takahiro Tanaka;A. Tanasijczuk;S. Tanioka;D. Tanner;D. Tao;L. Tao;E. Mart'in;C. Taranto;J. Tasson;S. Telada;R. Tenorio;J. Terhune;L. Terkowski;M. Thirugnanasambandam;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;J. E. Thompson;S. R. Thondapu;K. Thorne;E. Thrane;S. Tiwari;S. Tiwari;V. Tiwari;A. Toivonen;K. Toland;A. Tolley;T. Tomaru;Y. Tomigami;T. Tomura;M. Tonelli;A. Torres-Forn'e;C. Torrie;I. T. E. Melo;D. Toyra;A. Trapananti;F. Travasso;G. Traylor;M. Trevor;M. Tringali;A. Tripathee;L. Troiano;A. Trovato;L. Trozzo;R. Trudeau;D. Tsai;D. Tsai;K. W. Tsang;T. Tsang;J. Tsao;M. Tse;R. Tso;K. Tsubono;S. Tsuchida;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;T. Tsuzuki;K. Turbang;M. Turconi;D. Tuyenbayev;A. Ubhi;N. Uchikata;T. Uchiyama;R. Udall;A. Ueda;T. Uehara;K. Ueno;G. Ueshima;C. Unnikrishnan;F. Uraguchi;A. Urban;T. Ushiba;A. Utina;H. Vahlbruch;G. Vajente;A. Vajpeyi;G. Valdes;M. Valentini;V. Valsan;N. Bakel;M. Beuzekom;J. Brand;C. Broeck;D. Vander-Hyde;L. V. D. Schaaf;J. V. Heijningen;J. Vanosky;M. Putten;N. Remortel;M. Vardaro;A. Vargas;V. Varma;M. Vas'uth;A. Vecchio;G. Vedovato;J. Veitch;P. Veitch;J. Venneberg;Gautam Venugopalan;D. Verkindt;P. Verma;Y. Verma;D. Veske;F. Vetrano;A. Vicer'e;S. Vidyant;A. Viets;A. Vijaykumar;V. Villa-Ortega;J. Vinet;A. Virtuoso;S. Vitale;T. Vo;H. Vocca;E. V. Reis;J. Wrangel;C. Vorvick;S. Vyatchanin;L. Wade;M. Wade;K. Wagner;R. Walet;M. Walker;G. Wallace;L. Wallace;S. Walsh;J. Wang;J. Wang;W. H. Wang;R. Ward;J. Warner;M. Was;T. Washimi;N. Y. Washington;J. Watchi;B. Weaver;S. Webster;M. Weinert;A. Weinstein;R. Weiss;C. Weller;F. Wellmann;L. Wen;P. Wessels;K. Wette;J. Whelan;D. White;B. Whiting;C. Whittle;D. Wilken;D. Williams;M. Williams;A. Williamson;J. Willis;B. Willke;D. J. Wilson;W. Winkler;C. Wipf;T. Włodarczyk;G. Woan;J. Woehler;J. Wofford;I. C. Wong;C. Wu;D. Wu;H. Wu;S. Wu;D. Wysocki;L. Xiao;W-R. Xu;T. Yamada;H. Yamamoto;Kazuhiro Yamamoto;Kohei Yamamoto;T. Yamamoto;K. Yamashita;R. Yamazaki;F. Yang;L. Yang;Y. Yang;Yang Yang-Yang;Z. Yang;M. Yap;D. Yeeles;A. Yelikar;M. Ying;K. Yokogawa;J. Yokoyama;T. Yokozawa;J. Yoo;T. Yoshioka;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;H. Yuzurihara;A. Zadro.zny;M. Zanolin;S. Zeidler;T. Zelenova;J. Zendri;M. Zevin;M. Zhan;H. Zhang;J. Zhang;L. Zhang;T. Zhang;Y. Zhang;C. Zhao;G. Zhao;Y. Zhao;Yue Zhao;R. Zhou;Z. Zhou;X. Zhu;Z. Zhu;A. B. Zimmerman;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abdcb7
• 发表时间: 2021-03-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.

Searches for continuous gravitational waves from young supernova remnants in the early third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac17ea
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal

Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.13.011048
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley