Gravitational wave science at the University of Birmingham

伯明翰大学引力波科学

• 批准号: ST/V005677/1
• 负责人: Alberto Vecchio
• 金额: $ 114.02万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV005677%2F1
• 关键词: Gravitational; wave; science; University; Birmingham

Most of our knowledge about the Universe at large has been derived from what scientists refer to as "electromagnetic radiation" - ranging from radio waves through infrared radiation and light, to X-rays and gamma rays. This has changed dramatically on September 14, 2015 when we directly detected for the first time ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves. The observational of the first gravitational-wave signal (GW150914) generated by the collision of two black holes has opened a new chapter in astronomy. We have discovered binary black holes, and learnt that every 15 minutes somewhere in the Universe two `heavy' stellar-mass black holes collide. In fact, since September 2015 we have observed several tens of collisions of this kind, including a system of 150 times the mass of the Sun, the first observation of what astronomers refer to as an intermediate mass black hole.On August 17, 2017 we observed GW170817, the first merger of a binary neutron star. Electro-magnetic radiation generated in the aftermath of the collision of the two neutron stars was then detected across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from gamma-rays to radio waves, in one of the most intense observational campaigns of a single object in the history of astronomy. This first multi-messenger observation has demonstrated that double neutron star mergers are the engine powering short-hard gamma ray bursts and an important site for production of heavy elements, such as gold and platinum, in the Universe. The Birmingham group has played a key role in the development of the gravitational-wave instruments (Advanced LIGO) that enabled these discoveries, the analysis of the data, the characterisation of the properties of the sources, and the follow-up observational campaign of GW170817. We are now working on producing improved hardware for the Advanced LIGO upgrade (A+) which will increase the volume of the universe we can probe by a factor of ten, and on even more audacious technologies for more radical upgrades and new facilities for the next decade.In the coming years we expect to be able to observe a gravitational-wave signal every day. We are preparing to use these signals from merging black holes and neutron stars to learn more about the evolution of these objects, stars, matter in extreme conditions, and to test our understanding of gravity itself. The advanced technology which we are investigating will make future improvements to gravitational-wave observatories, so that much weaker signals can be observed and studied.

我们关于宇宙的大部分知识都来自科学家所说的“电磁辐射”--从无线电波到红外辐射和光，再到X射线和伽马射线。这在2015年9月14日发生了巨大的变化，当时我们第一次直接探测到时空中的涟漪，称为引力波。两个黑洞碰撞产生的第一个引力波信号（GW 150914）的观测揭开了天文学的新篇章。我们已经发现了双黑洞，并了解到在宇宙中每15分钟就有两个“重”恒星质量的黑洞相撞。事实上，自2015年9月以来，我们已经观测到数十次此类碰撞，其中包括一个质量为太阳150倍的系统，这是天文学家首次观测到所谓的中等质量黑洞。2017年8月17日，我们观测到了GW 170817，这是第一次双中子星星合并。在两颗中子星碰撞后产生的电磁辐射随后在整个电磁频谱中被检测到，从伽马射线到无线电波，这是天文学历史上对单个物体最激烈的观测活动之一。这第一次多信使观测表明，双中子星星合并是短硬伽马射线爆发的引擎，也是宇宙中产生重元素（如金和铂）的重要场所。伯明翰小组在引力波仪器（高级LIGO）的开发中发挥了关键作用，这些仪器实现了这些发现、数据分析、源属性表征以及GW 170817的后续观测活动。我们现在正在为高级LIGO升级（A+）生产改进的硬件，这将使我们可以探测的宇宙体积增加十倍，并在未来十年内进行更大胆的技术升级和新设施。在未来几年，我们希望能够每天观测到引力波信号。我们正准备利用这些来自黑洞和中子星合并的信号，更多地了解这些物体、恒星、物质在极端条件下的演化，并测试我们对引力本身的理解。我们正在研究的先进技术将使引力波观测站在未来得到改进，从而可以观测和研究弱得多的信号。

项目成果

First frequency-domain phenomenological model of the multipole asymmetry in gravitational-wave signals from binary-black-hole coalescence

双黑洞合并引力波信号多极不对称性的第一个频域唯象模型

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.109.024061
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Ghosh S

Impact of Dynamical Tides on the Reconstruction of the Neutron Star Equation of State.

动力潮汐对中子星状态方程重建的影响。

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081102
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Pratten G

On the LISA science performance in observations of short-lived signals from massive black hole binary coalescences

LISA 在观测大质量黑洞双星合并的短命信号方面的科学表现

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2212.02572
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Pratten G

Precision tracking of massive black hole spin evolution with LISA

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.124045
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: G. Pratten;P. Schmidt;H. Middleton;A. Vecchio

Inferring eccentricity evolution from observations of coalescing binary black holes

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.064024
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: A. Bonino;R. Gamba;P. Schmidt;A. Nagar;G. Pratten;M. Breschi;P. Rettegno;S. Bernuzzi