Particle Physics Consolidated Grant 2022-2025

这笔拨款用于支持欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）大型强子对撞机（Large Hadron Collider）的紧凑型μ子螺杆管（CMS）通用探测器的粒子物理数据分析，以及硅跟踪器（Silicon Tracker）的维护和运行，硅跟踪器是一个探测器子系统，使我们能够重建带电粒子的动量。利用欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机上的CMS探测器，将极大地增强对粒子物理学的“标准模型”的理解，特别是在顶夸克物理领域，寻找尚未发现的规范玻色子和超对称粒子，并最终进一步阐明与质量起源有关的“希格斯”玻色子。特别是，我们将利用CMS产生的庞大数据集来研究顶夸克的产生和性质，顶夸克是一种具有独特性质的标准模型粒子。我们不仅将通过研究与Z玻色子相关的单顶夸克产生等过程对标准模型进行精确测试，而且我们可以使用越来越大的数据集开始在涉及风味变化中性电流（FCNC）的高度抑制通道中寻找意想不到的增强；看到这些将是标准模型崩溃的令人兴奋的证据。这项拨款为学术人员提供支持，他们正在为CMS设计和建造一个全新的替代硅跟踪探测器，该探测器将于2020年中期安装，这将首次提供基于质子束碰撞产生的每个事件中单个轨道动量的触发器。

This grant supports particle physics data analysis from the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) general purpose detector at the Large Hadron Collider CERN and the maintenance and operation of the Silicon Tracker, a detector sub-system that enables us to reconstruct the momentum of charged particles. Exploiting the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, where CMS with ALTAS discovered the Higgs Boson in 2012, will bring greatly enhanced understanding of the "Standard Model" of particle physics, particularly in the area of top-quark physics, searching for as yet undiscovered gauge bosons and supersymmetric particles, and ultimately shedding further light on the "Higgs" boson which is connected with the origins of mass. In particular we will use the huge datasets produced by CMS to study the production and properties of the top quark, a standard model particle with unique properties. We will not only make precise tests of the standard model by studying processes such as single top quark production in association with a Z boson but we can use the increasingly large data sets to begin to search for unexpected enhancements in highly suppressed channels involving Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC); seeing these would be exciting evidence of the breakdown of the standard model.This grant provides support for academic staff who are contributing to the design and construction of an entirely new replacement silicon tracking detector for CMS, to be installed in the mid 2020's which will make available for the first time a trigger based on the momenta of individual tracks in every event arising from the proton-beam collisions.