Particle Physics Consolidated Grant 2021

粒子物理学综合补助金 2021

• 批准号: ST/W000628/1
• 负责人: Daniela Bortoletto
• 金额: $ 916.57万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW000628%2F1
• 关键词: Particle; Physics; Consolidated; Grant; 2021

Particle physics seeks to understand the Universe, its birth, evolution, and fate in terms of elementary particles (quarks, leptons), the fundamental forces (strong, electromagnetic, weak forces, gravity) and the particles that mediate them (photons, W/Z, gluons, gravitons) and the Higgs particle that gives elementary particles mass. The Standard Model, a theoretical framework developed in the last fifty years, elucidates almost all particle-physics data. But the model is incomplete. It explains what we encounter on Earth, but studies of the cosmos suggest the presence of mysterious dark matter that holds galaxies together and more mysterious dark energy that is driving galaxies apart at an ever-increasing rate. Oxford's research will significantly advance our understanding of the "new-physics" theory that will emerge to replace the Standard Model by providing the data to guide the theoretical work to develop it.The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reproduces the conditions within a million millionth of a second of the Big Bang. Oxford plays a major role in ATLAS and LHCb. These experiments have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of the Universe completely. In ATLAS, Oxford physicists participated in the exciting discovery of the "Higgs particle", which gives mass to elementary particles. The Higgs particle is like a curtain; now that we have found it, we can draw back the curtain to see a new world. Accordingly, we are studying it in great detail. We are also searching for new particles that would provide a solution to "dark-matter" that makes up about 80% of matter in the Universe. Oxford physicists on LHCb strive for a better understanding of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe by studying subtle differences in the behaviour of quarks & antiquarks - "CP-violation". This asymmetry permits us to exist. Over the next decade, the LHC will reach higher energies and intensities requiring detector improvements for ATLAS & LHCb. The upgraded detectors will take particle physics to an unprecedented level of sensitivity for the nearly inevitable new-physics observations. We use powerful computing resources and develop cutting-edge analysis tools necessary to extract essential discoveries from vast data volumes. We participate in high-precision experiments complementary to the large experiments at the LHC. Mu3e searches for new physics mediated by very heavy particles that would not be visible at the LHC but are expected in many theoretical models, including SUSY. LZ addresses one of the most critical questions in particle physics & cosmology by searching for dark matter. LSST will measure how quickly the expansion of the Universe is speeding up due to the mysterious dark energy that represents 75% of all energy in the Universe and acts like anti-gravity pushing galaxies apart. Through T2K, SK, HK, DUNE, & future projects, Oxford aims to understand the elusive neutrino, its "oscillation" from one type to another, and whether there is a difference between neutrino and anti-neutrino properties - "CP-violation". SNO+ will measure other properties of the neutrino, e.g. whether or not it is its own antiparticle.Quantum sensor technologies have the potential to change our approach to understanding the Universe radically. We are building the first large-scale atom interferometer in the UK to search for light dark matter particles and gravitational waves (AION). We are also part of MAGIS-100, a 100 m tall device under construction at Fermilab in the US. We will continue to improve our instrumentation capabilities to retain the ability to construct the most sophisticated apparatus for our experiments. We will maintain our world-leading role for scientific excellence & major state-of-the-art detector construction in particle physics for the future. These are exciting times for particle physics, and Oxford is playing a major role.

粒子物理学试图从基本粒子（夸克、轻子）、基本力（强力、电磁力、弱力、引力）和介导它们的粒子（光子、W/Z、胶子、引力子）以及赋予基本粒子质量的希格斯粒子的角度来理解宇宙、它的诞生、演化和命运。标准模型是近50年来发展起来的一个理论框架，它阐明了几乎所有的粒子物理学数据。但模型是不完整的。它解释了我们在地球上遇到的情况，但对宇宙的研究表明，神秘的暗物质的存在将星系聚集在一起，而更多神秘的暗能量正在以不断增加的速度将星系分开。牛津大学的研究将极大地推进我们对“新物理学”理论的理解，该理论将取代标准模型，并为理论工作提供指导。大型强子对撞机（LHC）在百万分之一秒内再现了大爆炸的条件。牛津大学在ATLAS和LHCb中发挥着重要作用。这些实验有可能彻底改变我们对宇宙的理解。在ATLAS中，牛津大学的物理学家参与了令人兴奋的“希格斯粒子”的发现，它赋予基本粒子质量。希格斯粒子就像一个窗帘;现在我们已经找到了它，我们可以拉开窗帘看到一个新的世界。因此，我们正在详细研究它。我们还在寻找新的粒子，为占宇宙物质80%的“暗物质”提供解决方案。LHCb上的牛津物理学家通过研究夸克和反夸克行为的细微差异-“CP违反”，努力更好地理解宇宙中物质-反物质不对称性的起源。这种不对称性使我们得以存在。在接下来的十年里，LHC将达到更高的能量和强度，这需要ATLAS和LHCb的探测器改进。升级后的探测器将把粒子物理学的灵敏度提高到前所未有的水平，以进行几乎不可避免的新物理观测。我们使用强大的计算资源，并开发必要的尖端分析工具，从大量数据中提取重要发现。我们参与高精度实验，以补充大型强子对撞机的大型实验。Mu 3e寻找由非常重的粒子介导的新物理，这些粒子在LHC中不可见，但在许多理论模型中，包括超对称性。LZ通过寻找暗物质来解决粒子物理学中最关键的问题之一&宇宙学。LSST将测量宇宙膨胀的速度有多快，这是由于神秘的暗能量，它占宇宙中所有能量的75%，就像反重力一样将星系推开。通过T2 K，SK，HK，DUNE和未来的项目，牛津大学旨在了解难以捉摸的中微子，它从一种类型到另一种类型的“振荡”，以及中微子和反中微子属性之间是否存在差异-“CP破坏”。SNO+将测量中微子的其他性质，例如它是否是自己的反粒子。量子传感器技术有可能从根本上改变我们理解宇宙的方法。我们正在建造英国第一个大型原子干涉仪，以寻找轻暗物质粒子和引力波（AION）。我们也是MAGIS-100的一部分，MAGIS-100是美国费米实验室正在建造的一个100米高的设备。我们将继续提高我们的仪器能力，以保持为我们的实验建造最先进的仪器的能力。我们将在未来保持我们在粒子物理学科学卓越和主要最先进探测器建设方面的世界领先地位。这是粒子物理学的激动人心的时刻，牛津大学正在发挥重要作用。

项目成果

Search for new phenomena in three- or four-lepton events in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器在 s = 13 TeV 的 pp 碰撞中寻找三或四轻子事件的新现象

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136832
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Aad G

Emulating the impact of additional proton-proton interactions in the ATLAS simulation by presampling sets of inelastic Monte Carlo events

通过对非弹性蒙特卡罗事件集进行预采样来模拟 ATLAS 模拟中额外质子-质子相互作用的影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s41781-021-00062-2
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Computing and Software for Big Science
• 作者: Aad G

Search for single production of a vectorlike T quark decaying into a Higgs boson and top quark with fully hadronic final states using the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器搜索类似矢量 T 夸克衰变为希格斯玻色子和具有完全强子最终态的顶夸克的单一产生

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.092012
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Aad G

Observation of WWW Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.061803
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: G. Aad;B. Abbott;D. Abbott;A. Abed Abud;K. Abeling;D. Abhayasinghe;S. H. Abidi;A. Aboulhorma-A.-Aboul