ANATOMICAL BASIS OF DISORDERS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

执行功能障碍的解剖学基础

• 批准号: 6349236
• 负责人: ANTONIO R DAMASIO
• 金额: $ 29.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6349236
• 关键词: amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; biomarker; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; decision making; emotions; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; memory; neocortex; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; sensory cortex; social behavior disorders

During the current funding period, we have formulated a theory to account for the defects in decision-making, planning and social conduct which are so salient in patients with frontal lobe lesions. It suggests that those defects result from defective activation of somatic markers that normally function as signposts for making decisions advantageous for the organism. The theory, based on previous data and on principles outlined in the SMR framework discussed in Project #1, will form the basis for testing a series of specific hypotheses regarding the composition of the neural network presumed to underlie the process of somatic marker activation. Psychophysiological measures (skin conductance, heart rate, facial EMG) will be used as indexes of somatic state activation, and we will study patients with focal lesions in the regions hypothesized to comprise the somatic state neural network. Among them are the ventromedial frontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and somatosensory cortices. We will also investigate the judgment and decision-making capacities of target patients in a set of field experiments, and we will study the psychopathological manifestations of such patients using a comprehensive set of standard inventories and rating scales. Elucidation of the neural substrates of "executive functions" will advance neuroscience by contributing fundamental knowledge regarding decision- making and planning in social and other realms, and by promoting better diagnosis of the numerous patients who suffer from disturbances of executive function caused by neurological diseases such as head injury, stroke, and surgical ablation of tumors. Knowledge gained from this project will also permit the design of rehabilitation techniques which may allow patients to compensate for their defects and obtain gainful employment and more rewarding interpersonal relationships. Other applications include the extension of the theoretical constructs of this project to conditions such as psychopathy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the psychosocial consequences of chronic alcoholism and other forms of addiction. We anticipate that the results will have an impact on the field of education, and on the management of individuals with developmental forms of social conduct defect.

在目前的资助期间，我们制定了一个理论， 决策、规划和社会行为的缺陷， 在额叶损伤的患者中尤为明显。 这表明， 缺陷是由于体细胞标记物的激活缺陷造成的， 作为路标，为生物体做出有利的决定。 该理论基于以前的数据和SMR中概述的原则， 在项目#1中讨论的框架，将构成测试一系列 关于神经网络组成的具体假设 被认为是体细胞标记激活过程的基础。 心理生理测量（皮肤电导、心率、面部肌电图） 将被用作躯体状态激活的指标， 在假设包含以下区域的区域中存在局灶性病变的患者 躯体状态神经网络。 其中有腹内侧额叶， 背外侧前额叶和躯体感觉皮层 我们还将 调查目标患者的判断和决策能力 在一系列实地实验中，我们将研究精神病理学 这类患者的表现使用一套全面的标准 库存和评级量表。 “执行功能”的神经基质的阐明将向前推进 神经科学通过贡献关于决策的基础知识， 制定和规划在社交及其他领域，并通过促进更好地 诊断的许多病人谁遭受的干扰， 由神经系统疾病引起的执行功能，如头部损伤， 中风和肿瘤的手术切除。 从这件事中获得的知识 项目还将允许设计康复技术， 让病人弥补他们的缺陷，并获得有益的 就业和更有益的人际关系。 其他 应用程序包括扩展的理论结构，这 投射到诸如精神变态，强迫症， 以及慢性酒精中毒和其他形式的 成瘾 我们预计，结果将对该领域产生影响 教育和对发展型个人的管理 社会行为缺陷。