Role of controllability in scheduled smoking reduction

描述：(申请人提供) 在这个国家，烟草使用是最可预防的死亡原因 创新的戒烟方法是优先事项。《日程表》研究 减少吸烟“指吸烟者只在预定时间之前吸烟 戒烟已显示出显著改善的治疗结果。不幸的是， 很少有人知道为什么这种方法可以提高戒烟的成功率 因此，人们对改进这一方法的可能方法知之甚少。一 潜在的机制与个体吸烟摄入量的可控性有关。 行为药理学的基础研究表明，操纵 对药物摄取的可控性程度可能会降低回报效果 毒品消费。不幸的是，在典型的时间表中使用的方法 吸烟研究不允许正确评估这一机制。基本信息 实验室研究采用了弯曲箱或三进制设计，允许 可控性的操纵，同时等同于给药、消耗 模式，以及暴露于其他刺激。这项初步研究的目标是 开发和测试用于操作的弯曲性程序的可行性 供人类参与者使用的烟雾摄入量的可控性 自然环境。在这项初步研究中，一组40名吸烟者 从事日常活动的人将在临时情况下接受检查 吸烟(或可控)与吸烟(或不可控)使用 紧凑型计算机化设备(个人数字助理或PDA)。参与者 将首先像往常一样吸烟(即临时吸烟)三天，在此期间 通过PDA记录消费香烟的准确时间。此外, 对吸烟(即满足感)、情绪和香烟的急性反应 渴望程度将通过掌上电脑进行评估。随后，每个参与者都将 进行为期三天的预定(或无法控制)吸烟，而PDA 将根据香烟的确切模式和数量提示吸烟 在第一阶段吸烟。主观测量将收集在一个 方式与研究的第一阶段相同。这样的程序允许 等同于卷烟的图案和数量，同时操纵的程度 对吸烟的可控性，从而使我们至少部分地集中精力 关于较少被其他群体混淆的控制的操纵 不同之处。我们将使用每天进行的CO评估来评估 吸烟模式在多大程度上保持恒定 条件。可控性操作对药物反应的影响 将通过比较临时吸烟和吸烟的满意度来进行检查 预定条件。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant) Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death in this nation making innovative approaches to smoking cessation a priority. Studies of "scheduled smoking reduction" where smokers smoke only at scheduled times prior to quitting have shown significantly improved treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, little is known about why this approach enhances smoking cessation success and consequently little is known about possible ways to improve this approach. One potential mechanism concerns individual controllability of smoking intake. Basic research in behavioral pharmacology has demonstrated that manipulating the degree of controllability over drug intake may reduce the rewarding effects of drug consumption. Unfortunately, the methodology used in typical scheduled smoking studies does not allow for properly evaluating this mechanism. Basic laboratory research has employed a yoked-box or triadic design that allows for the manipulation of controllability while equating for dosing, consumption pattern, and exposure to other stimuli. The goal of this pilot study is to develop and test the feasibility of a yoking procedure to manipulate controllability over smoke intake for use with human participants in the natural environment. For this preliminary study, a single group of 40 smokers engaged in usual daily activities will be examined under conditions of ad-lib (or controllable) smoking versus yoked (or uncontrollable) smoking using a compact computerized device (personal digital assistant or PDA). Participants will first smoke as usual (i.e., ad-lib) for three days during which they record the exact timing of cigarette consumption via the PDA. In addition, acute responses to cigarette smoking (i.e., satisfaction), mood, and cigarette craving will be assessed via the PDA. Subsequently, each participant will then engage in three days of scheduled (or uncontrollable) smoking where the PDA will prompt smoking according to the exact pattern and number of cigarettes smoked during the first phase. Subjective measures will be collected in a manner identical to the first phase of the study. Such a procedure allows for equating the pattern and number of cigarettes while manipulating the degree of controllability over smoking, thereby allowing us to at least partially focus on the manipulation of control that is less confounded by other group differences. We will use CO assessments taken across each day to assess the degree to which the pattern of smoking was successfully held constant across conditions. The effect of the controllability manipulation on drug responses will be examined by comparing satisfaction from smoking across the ad-lib and scheduled conditions.