Role of controllability in scheduled smoking reduction

描述：（申请人提供） 烟草使用是这个国家最可预防的死亡原因， 创新的戒烟方法是一个优先事项。研究“定期 减少吸烟”，即吸烟者只在规定的时间吸烟， 戒烟显示出显著改善的治疗效果。不幸的是， 很少有人知道为什么这种方法可以提高戒烟的成功率， 因此，人们对改进这种方法的可能途径知之甚少。一 潜在的机制涉及吸烟量的个体可控性。 行为药理学的基础研究表明， 药物摄入的可控程度可能会降低奖励效应 毒品消费。不幸的是，在典型的计划中使用的方法 吸烟研究不允许适当地评估这种机制。基本 实验室研究已经采用了轭式盒或三元设计， 控制性的操纵，同时等同于剂量、消耗 模式和暴露于其他刺激。这项试点研究的目标是 开发和测试一个连接程序的可行性，以操纵 用于人类参与者的烟雾摄入的可控性 自然环境在这项初步研究中，一组40名吸烟者 从事日常活动将在即兴条件下进行检查 (or可控）吸烟与使用 小型计算机化设备（个人数字助理或PDA）。参与者 将像往常一样首先吸烟（即，三天后，他们 通过PDA记录吸烟的准确时间。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 对吸烟的急性反应（即，满意度）、情绪和香烟 将通过PDA评估渴望。随后，每个参与者将 进行三天的计划（或不受控制）吸烟，其中PDA 将根据香烟的确切图案和数量提示吸烟 在第一阶段吸烟。主观测量将收集在一个 与研究第一阶段相同。这样的程序允许 使香烟的图案和数量相等，同时操纵 控制吸烟，从而使我们至少部分地关注 对控制的操纵，这是较少混淆的其他群体 差异我们将使用每天进行的CO评估来评估 吸烟模式成功保持恒定的程度 条件可控性操作对药物反应的影响 将通过比较即兴吸烟和 预定条件。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant) Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death in this nation making innovative approaches to smoking cessation a priority. Studies of "scheduled smoking reduction" where smokers smoke only at scheduled times prior to quitting have shown significantly improved treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, little is known about why this approach enhances smoking cessation success and consequently little is known about possible ways to improve this approach. One potential mechanism concerns individual controllability of smoking intake. Basic research in behavioral pharmacology has demonstrated that manipulating the degree of controllability over drug intake may reduce the rewarding effects of drug consumption. Unfortunately, the methodology used in typical scheduled smoking studies does not allow for properly evaluating this mechanism. Basic laboratory research has employed a yoked-box or triadic design that allows for the manipulation of controllability while equating for dosing, consumption pattern, and exposure to other stimuli. The goal of this pilot study is to develop and test the feasibility of a yoking procedure to manipulate controllability over smoke intake for use with human participants in the natural environment. For this preliminary study, a single group of 40 smokers engaged in usual daily activities will be examined under conditions of ad-lib (or controllable) smoking versus yoked (or uncontrollable) smoking using a compact computerized device (personal digital assistant or PDA). Participants will first smoke as usual (i.e., ad-lib) for three days during which they record the exact timing of cigarette consumption via the PDA. In addition, acute responses to cigarette smoking (i.e., satisfaction), mood, and cigarette craving will be assessed via the PDA. Subsequently, each participant will then engage in three days of scheduled (or uncontrollable) smoking where the PDA will prompt smoking according to the exact pattern and number of cigarettes smoked during the first phase. Subjective measures will be collected in a manner identical to the first phase of the study. Such a procedure allows for equating the pattern and number of cigarettes while manipulating the degree of controllability over smoking, thereby allowing us to at least partially focus on the manipulation of control that is less confounded by other group differences. We will use CO assessments taken across each day to assess the degree to which the pattern of smoking was successfully held constant across conditions. The effect of the controllability manipulation on drug responses will be examined by comparing satisfaction from smoking across the ad-lib and scheduled conditions.