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Key Probes of the Extreme Universe: Accretion Discs, Gravitational Waves, CMB and Galaxy Surveys

极端宇宙的关键探测器：吸积盘、引力波、宇宙微波背景和星系巡天

基本信息

批准号：
ST/X001113/1
负责人：
Edward Shellard
金额：
$ 244.07万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX001113%2F1
关键词：
Key Probes Extreme Universe Accretion

项目摘要

This grant proposal seeks to advance the understanding of astrophysical discs, the analysis of gravitational waves, and the science exploitation of the CMB and galaxy surveys in order to open new windows on the structure of the Universe. The following are summaries of our proposed projects:1. Discs of gas are found around young stars (where planets form) and around black holes in the centres of galaxies. This project will investigate the behaviour and appearance of discs in which the orbital motion is elliptical or misaligned, causing the gas to be squeezed repeatedly.2. Planets form from the gas and dust swirling around newly born young stars, a complicated multi-faceted process that is still poorly understood. This project investigates how turbulence, magnetic fields, and jets influence planet formation in the inner regions of these disks.3. Many objects in the Universe accrete gas that orbits around them. This project will study accretion onto objects with a material surface, such as white dwarfs, young stars and planets, when the gas must pass through the so-called boundary layer which is still poorly understood.4. The detection of gravitational waves by LIGO in 2015 has opened up unprecedented opportunities for the exploration of the Universe. From black holes to the enigmatic dark matter and cosmological expansion, we will develop machine learning methods to explore new facets of the world we live in.5. Building on our world-leading Planck satellite pipeline to measure deviations from Gaussian ("bell-curve") statistics, we will implement extended versions for new data from the cosmic microwave sky (Simons Observatory (SO)), as well as galaxy surveys (Dark Energy Survey (DES)), while also looking for the expected correlations between them. The results will yield non-linear clustering parameters, the tightest constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity and critical tests for inflationary models.6. Cosmological observations offer us the unique opportunity to probe high-energy physics and the quantum regime of gravity during the first fraction of a second of the Big Bang. Breakthroughs in understanding the consequences of fundamental principles of physics in cosmology have very recently led to new exciting predictions of non-Gaussian statistics which we here confront with large cosmological datasets, specifically from the cosmic microwave sky (Simons Observatory).7. In this project, we will make new measurements of the lensing of the cosmic microwave background, the gravitational deflection of relic light from the Big Bang, using the state-of-the-art Simons Observatory experiment. With our novel methods for extracting and inverting the lensing deflection, we will provide a clearer view of the beginning of the universe and the unknown mass of neutrino particles.

这项赠款建议旨在促进对天体物理盘、引力波的分析以及CMB和星系探测的科学利用的了解，以便打开了解宇宙结构的新窗口。以下是我们提出的项目的摘要：1.在年轻恒星(行星形成的地方)周围和星系中心的黑洞周围发现了气体盘。这个项目将研究轨道运动是椭圆形或错位的圆盘的行为和外观，这会导致气体被反复挤压。行星是由围绕新生的年轻恒星旋转的气体和尘埃形成的，这是一个复杂的、多方面的过程，人们仍然知之甚少。该项目研究湍流、磁场和喷流如何影响这些圆盘内部区域的行星形成。宇宙中的许多物体都伴随着围绕它们运行的气体。这个项目将研究具有物质表面的物体，如白矮星、年轻恒星和行星上的吸积，当气体必须通过所谓的边界层时，这个边界层仍然很难被理解。2015年LIGO探测到引力波，为探索宇宙开启了前所未有的机遇。从黑洞到神秘的暗物质和宇宙膨胀，我们将开发机器学习方法来探索我们生活的世界的新方面。在我们世界领先的普朗克卫星管道的基础上，我们将为来自宇宙微波天空(西蒙斯天文台(SO))的新数据以及星系调查(暗能量调查(DES))实施扩展版本，同时也寻找它们之间的预期关联。结果将产生非线性的聚类参数、对原始非高斯性的最严格约束以及对通货膨胀模型的关键检验。宇宙学观测为我们提供了独特的机会，在大爆炸的前几分之一秒内探索高能物理和引力的量子区域。最近，在理解宇宙学物理学基本原理的后果方面取得的突破导致了对非高斯统计的新的令人兴奋的预测，我们在这里面对的是大型宇宙学数据集，特别是来自宇宙微波天空的数据(西蒙斯天文台)。在这个项目中，我们将使用最先进的西蒙斯天文台实验，对宇宙微波背景的透镜，大爆炸遗迹光的引力偏转进行新的测量。通过我们提取和反转透镜偏转的新方法，我们将更清楚地看到宇宙的开始和中微子粒子的未知质量。