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Unveiling the Structure of the Universe

揭示宇宙的结构

基本信息

批准号：
ST/L000636/1
负责人：
Edward Shellard
金额：
$ 293.13万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FL000636%2F1
关键词：
Unveiling Structure Universe

项目摘要

This is an ambitious proposal to advance our understanding of the structures observed in our Universe, ensuring the development of world-leading research in areas central to the Science Challenges in the STFC roadmap:The Non-Gaussian Universe and Inflationary Theory: According to the standard inflationary paradigm, the observed galaxies and other large-scale structure originated from quantum fluctuations in the early universe. We will confront these predictions from inflationary models with detailed statistical observations of the Planck satellite data of the cosmic microwave background. In complementary studies, moving beyond simple inflation models, we will exploit recent theoretical advances to make more precise predictions for the distribution of galaxies in our Universe.The Universe as a Fundamental Physics Laboratory: We will explore how astronomical observations can provide new information about fundamental physics. In particular, we will investigate whether there is astronomical evidence for the constancy of some fundamental constants of physics and whether there can be significant modifications to Einstein's theory of general relativity. These modifications may shed new light on why the expansion of the universe began accelerating a few billion years ago.Black Holes and Gravitational Physics: Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime which form when black holes or neutron stars merge or in the supernova explosion of stars. They propagate across the universe at the speed of light and will enable us to view the universe in a qualitatively new way with advanced detectors expected to go online in a couple of years. We will study numerically and analytically the stability of black holes and the shape of their gravitational wave signals for comparison with future observations.Long-term Evolution of Extrasolar Planetary Systems: We study the long-term evolution of extrasolar planetary systems through their tidal interactions with the central star, which affect the spin and orbital motion and can cause planets to swell, migrate inwards and even be destroyed. We also study the long-term gravitational interactions of planets with the protoplanetary disc, which can excite elliptical motion and in some cases destroy planets.Magnetohydrodynamics of Accretion Discs: Gaseous discs around young stars and black holes are ubiquitous in the Universe and drive some of its most fascinating and important processes. Of these this project addresses: planet formation, powerful jets and outflows, disc warps, and the great outbursts of energy that characterise nascent stellar systems and dwarf novae. The thread linking these diverse phenomena is turbulence and magnetic fields in the gas, which we study through large-scale numerical simulations.Scale interactions in Solar and Stellar Magnetism: The Sun is like a giant machine, and its large scale magnetic features change fairly regularly and coherently, as shown by the well-known sunspot cycle. However motion in the Sun is very disordered. We shall investigate a theoretical model of the Sun's magnetic field that will show how these disordered flows can combine to produce the observed cycles. We shall also use novel image processing methods to learn more about the details of the small scale motions near the surface of the Sun.Spectroscopic Diagnostics for the Active Sun and Astrophysics: A deeper understanding of processes in the solar atmosphere will help us describe the energy release which heats the corona (to over a million degrees) and initiates solar flares and eruptions, leading to space weather events. Recent solar space observations (SoHO, Hinode, SDO) provide stunning images (see www.suntrek.org). However, the analysis of this data requires detailed knowledge of emission in the EUV. This information is provided by our group and made publicly available via a database called CHIANTI, which is now universally used in solar physics, and also astrophysics.

这是一个雄心勃勃的提议，旨在促进我们对宇宙中观察到的结构的理解，确保在STFC路线图中科学挑战的核心领域发展世界领先的研究：非高斯宇宙和暴胀理论：根据标准的暴胀范式，观察到的星系和其他大尺度结构起源于早期宇宙中的量子波动。我们将用普朗克卫星观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射的详细统计数据来对抗暴胀模型的这些预测。在补充研究中，我们将超越简单的暴胀模型，利用最新的理论进展对我们宇宙中的星系分布进行更精确的预测。宇宙作为基础物理实验室：我们将探索天文观测如何提供有关基础物理的新信息。特别是，我们将研究是否有天文学证据的物理学的一些基本常数的恒定性，以及是否可以有显着的修改爱因斯坦的广义相对论。黑洞和引力物理学：引力波是时空中的涟漪，在黑洞、中子星合并或恒星的超新星爆炸时形成。它们以光速在宇宙中传播，将使我们能够以一种全新的方式观察宇宙，预计先进的探测器将在几年内上线。太阳系外行星系统的长期演化：我们研究太阳系外行星系统通过与中心星星的潮汐相互作用，影响自转和轨道运动，导致行星膨胀、向内迁移甚至毁灭的长期演化。我们还研究了行星与原行星盘的长期引力相互作用，这种相互作用可以激发椭圆运动，在某些情况下会摧毁行星。吸积盘的磁流体动力学：年轻恒星和黑洞周围的气体盘在宇宙中无处不在，并驱动着一些最迷人和最重要的过程。其中，该项目涉及：行星形成，强大的喷流和外流，圆盘扭曲，以及能量的巨大爆发，这些能量使新生的恒星系统和矮新星变得脆弱。太阳和恒星磁场的尺度相互作用：太阳就像一台巨大的机器，它的大尺度磁场特征变化相当有规律和连贯，正如著名的太阳黑子周期所显示的那样。然而，太阳的运动是非常无序的。我们将研究一个太阳磁场的理论模型，它将显示这些无序的磁场流是如何联合收割机产生所观察到的周期的。我们还将使用新的图像处理方法来了解更多关于太阳表面附近小尺度运动的细节。太阳活动和天体物理学的光谱诊断：对太阳大气过程的深入了解将有助于我们描述加热日冕（超过一百万度）并引发太阳耀斑和喷发的能量释放，从而导致空间天气事件。最近的太阳空间观测（SoHO，Hinode，SDO）提供了惊人的图像（见www.suntrek.org）。然而，对该数据的分析需要详细了解极紫外线中的发射。这些信息是由我们的团队提供的，并通过一个名为CHIANTI的数据库公开提供，该数据库现在普遍用于太阳物理学和天体物理学。