The Structure of the Universe: Cosmology, Exoplanets and Lattice QCD

宇宙的结构：宇宙学、系外行星和晶格 QCD

• 批准号: ST/K00333X/1
• 负责人: Edward Shellard
• 金额: $ 55.22万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FK00333X%2F1
• 关键词: Structure; Universe; Cosmology; Exoplanets; Lattice

This proposal aims to address key questions about the fundamental structure of the Universe and the origin and nature of the galaxies, stars and planets within it. This proposal is to enhance the STFC DiRAC Facility which provides the primary computational platform for UK particle physicists, cosmologists and astrophysicists. The proposal will fund two high performance computing systems: First, there is a flexible shared-memory (SMP) node with 16TB, which will be the largest such system in Europe. Secondly, there is a powerful tightly-coupled cluster capable of 200Tflops (HPCS). This proposal will advance our understanding in 4 key scientific areas:A. Science exploitation of the CMB and Large-scale Structure surveys: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) remains the premier source for cosmological information. Planck satellite data dramatically supersedes the previous WMAP data and we will use it to constrain fundamental cosmology. With Planck data releases scheduled for 2013 and 2014, this upgrade will leverage the proprietary data, maximizing science exploitation by COSMOS members. Work on large-scale structure encompasses using surveys to constrain the properties of the Universe and understanding the hierarchical formation of galaxies. B. Observational consequences of the Early Universe. The consortium has pioneered the use of lattice simulations to understand the physics of non-linear phenomena in the early universe. This is expected in most cosmological models, including those with phase transitions, cosmic defects and extra dimensions. The challenge using the new SMP node will be to calculate the observable consequences of these theories, which can range from signatures in the CMB or large-scale structure through to the production of dark matter or primordial gravitational waves.C. Extra-solar planets and their atmospheres.The SMP node will also support key UK research in extra-solar planets. This is concerned with the observation and characterisation of exoplanets and their atmospheres, developing key numerical codes which are vital to this international endeavour. The new SMP system will allow much more information to be extracted from spectroscopic data from exoplanet environments. This will help us answer some of the oldest questions in science such as: Are there worlds beyond our solar system? Are they numerous or rare? How many of them have the right conditions for life?D. Quantum chromodyanamics (QCD)We shall use the HPCS to carry out the research programme of the UKQCD Consortium: numerical solution of QCD and related theories using techniques known collectively as lattice field theory.QCD describes how quarks bind into observable particles known as hadrons. By solving QCD on supercomputers, we gain information about the rich physics which results from the strong interactions between quarks. Furthermore, precise QCD calculations are necessary to connect experimental measurements to fundamental parameters governing how quarks change their type, or "flavour."So far, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics (which unites the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces) appears to be sufficient to describe quark flavour-changing interactions. However many physicists expect there to be physics "beyond" the Standard Nodel (BSM); precise measurements combined with accurate QCD computations may reveal hints of this new physics.In several cases, lattice QCD is the only known method for achieving the few-percent precision necessary to distinguish between Standard and non-Standard physics.Lattice field theory also offers accurate methods for exploring field theories with strongly interacting particles. UKQCD groups are active in categorizing possible BSM theories. In addition, UKQCD are studying these types of theories under extreme conditions such as high temperature and/or high particle density. These calculations complement experimental programs at RHIC and LHC.

该计划旨在解决有关宇宙基本结构以及宇宙中星系、恒星和行星的起源和性质的关键问题。该计划旨在加强STFC DiRAC设施，该设施为英国粒子物理学家、宇宙学家和天体物理学家提供主要计算平台。该提案将资助两个高性能计算系统：首先，有一个16 TB的灵活共享内存（SMP）节点，这将是欧洲最大的此类系统。其次，有一个强大的紧密耦合集群，能够达到200 Tflops（HPCS）。这一建议将促进我们在4个关键科学领域的理解：A。宇宙微波背景辐射和大尺度结构巡天的科学利用：宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）仍然是宇宙学信息的首要来源。普朗克卫星的数据大大取代了以前的WMAP数据，我们将用它来约束基本的宇宙学。随着普朗克数据计划于2013年和2014年发布，此次升级将利用专有数据，最大限度地提高COSMOS成员的科学利用率。关于大尺度结构的工作包括使用测量来约束宇宙的性质，并理解星系的层次结构。B。早期宇宙的观测结果。该联盟率先使用晶格模拟来理解早期宇宙中非线性现象的物理学。这在大多数宇宙学模型中是可以预期的，包括那些有相变、宇宙缺陷和额外维度的模型。使用新的SMP节点的挑战将是计算这些理论的可观测结果，其范围可以从CMB或大尺度结构中的签名到暗物质或原始引力波的产生。太阳系外行星及其大气层。SMP节点还将支持英国在太阳系外行星方面的关键研究。这涉及到对系外行星及其大气层的观测和定性，开发对这一国际努力至关重要的关键数字代码。新的SMP系统将允许从系外行星环境的光谱数据中提取更多的信息。这将帮助我们回答科学中一些最古老的问题，例如：在我们的太阳系之外还有世界吗？它们是多还是少？他们中有多少人有合适的生存条件？D.量子色动力学（QCD）我们将使用HPCS来执行UKQCD联盟的研究计划：使用统称为格点场论的技术来数值求解QCD和相关理论。QCD描述夸克如何结合成可观测的粒子，称为强子。通过在超级计算机上求解QCD，我们获得了夸克间强相互作用所产生的丰富物理信息。此外，精确的QCD计算是必要的，以将实验测量与控制夸克如何改变其类型或“味道”的基本参数联系起来。“到目前为止，粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）（它统一了电磁力，弱力和强力）似乎足以描述夸克的味道变化相互作用。然而，许多物理学家期望有物理学“超越”标准节点（BSM）;精确的测量结合精确的QCD计算可能揭示这种新物理学的线索。在某些情况下，格点QCD是唯一已知的方法，可以达到区分标准和非标准物理所需的百分之几的精度。格点场论也为探索强相互作用粒子的场论提供了精确的方法。UKQCD团体积极地对可能的BSM理论进行分类。此外，UKQCD正在研究极端条件下的这些类型的理论，如高温和/或高粒子密度。这些计算补充了RHIC和LHC的实验计划。

项目成果

Planck 2015 results: XX. Constraints on inflation

普朗克 2015 年结果：XX。

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.52
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Ade P

Cosmological Evolution of Semilocal String Networks

半局域弦网络的宇宙演化

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.12069
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Achucarro A

Evolution of semilocal string networks: Large-scale properties

半局域弦网络的演化：大规模特性

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.063503
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Achúcarro A

Planck 2015 results: XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity

普朗克 2015 年结果：XVII。

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.43700
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Ade P

Cosmological evolution of semilocal string networks.

半局域弦网络的宇宙演化。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0004
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
• 作者: Achúcarro A