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Astrophysics and Cosmology Research at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics 2023-2026

乔德雷尔班克天体物理中心的天体物理学和宇宙学研究 2023-2026

基本信息

批准号：
ST/X001229/1
负责人：
Richard Battye
金额：
$ 493.75万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX001229%2F1
关键词：
Astrophysics Cosmology Research Jodrell Bank

项目摘要

This grant supports the research of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester. Our research is a divided into 3 groups. There are too many specific proposals to describe in detail, do below we have given a brief layman's explanation of the work being carried out by the three groups.Cosmology: This is the study of the Universe as a whole. The main aim is to understand the processes by which the large scale feature of the Universe formed and to constrain the various different kinds of matter that existed within it. These include dark matter and dark energy which are thought to constitute more than 95% of the total. We do this by comparison to observations of weak and strong gravitational lensing which is the distortion of light predicted to be caused by massive objects in Einstein' Theory of General Relativity, the cosmic microwave background which is the faint emission of radiation created at the time when protons and electrons come together to form hydrogen and the emission given off by neutral hydrogen atoms in galaxies. The research we propose here involves both theory and observation as well as the development of the technology necessary to make the observations possible.Pulsars and Time Domain Astrophysics: The focus of this group is astrophysical signatures that are changing with time - signals which go on and off, often with some kind of regularity. These include Pulsars which are a non-standard star type, known as a neutron star, which is a dead star supported by the quantum pressure of neutrons. The radio emission from these objects pulses on an off with extraordinary regularity allowing them to acts cosmic clocks. The constantly measuring these clocks as the neutron stars spin and move through space, often impacted on by a companion star, allows the most precise constraints on the nature of gravity outside the solar system. Other phenomena studied by this group include Nova explosions, other variable stars, and variability induced by the lensing effects of one star passing in front of another, called microlensing.Sun, Stars and Galaxies: The researchers in this group study a wide range of astrophysical processes that are reasonable for the formation and evolution of the objects in the name of the group. Specific key areas that the group is interested in are the formation of stars much larger than the Sun and the subsequent evolution, the properties of the so-called interstellar medium (ISM) which comprises molecules not bound to stars and the magnetic fields that permeate space.

这笔赠款支持曼彻斯特大学乔德雷尔班克天体物理学中心的研究。我们的研究分为三组。具体的建议太多，无法详细描述，下面我们对三个小组正在开展的工作进行简要的通俗解释。宇宙学：这是对宇宙作为一个整体的研究。主要目的是了解宇宙大尺度特征形成的过程，并限制其中存在的各种不同种类的物质。其中包括暗物质和暗能量，被认为占总数的 95% 以上。我们通过与弱和强引力透镜的观测进行比较来做到这一点，弱引力透镜是爱因斯坦广义相对论中预测由大质量物体引起的光的扭曲，宇宙微波背景是质子和电子聚集在一起形成氢时产生的微弱辐射，以及星系中中性氢原子发出的辐射。我们在这里提出的研究涉及理论和观测，以及使观测成为可能所必需的技术的发展。脉冲星和时域天体物理学：该小组的重点是随时间变化的天体物理特征——信号经常以某种规律出现和消失。其中包括脉冲星，它是一种非标准恒星类型，称为中子星，是由中子量子压力支撑的死星。这些物体发射的无线电脉冲具有非凡的规律性，使它们能够充当宇宙时钟。当中子星旋转并在太空中移动时，经常受到伴星的影响，不断测量这些时钟，可以对太阳系外的重力性质进行最精确的限制。该小组研究的其他现象包括新星爆炸、其他变星，以及一颗恒星经过另一颗恒星的透镜效应引起的变化，称为微透镜。太阳、恒星和星系：该小组的研究人员以该小组的名义研究了各种天体物理过程，这些过程对于天体的形成和演化是合理的。该小组感兴趣的具体关键领域是比太阳大得多的恒星的形成及其随后的演化、所谓的星际介质（ISM）的特性（由不与恒星结合的分子组成）以及渗透太空的磁场。