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DD-DSM: Demonstration of Distributed Demand-side Management as a service to the UK grid operator

DD-DSM：向英国电网运营商展示分布式需求侧管理服务

基本信息

批准号：
TS/G002347/1
负责人：
Goran Strbac
金额：
$ 28.32万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=TS%2FG002347%2F1
关键词：
DD DSM Demonstration Distributed Demand

项目摘要

Demonstration of Distributed Demand Side Management (DD-DSM) will provide a concept that allows air-conditioning units to contribute operational services to electricity system operators, in particular frequency control, reserve and other system balancing services. It does this by making use of the intrinsic thermal energy storage in the buildings and by scheduling their operation in a prescribed manner in relation to system requirements. Using such an approach should allow less conventional plant to be scheduled to provide this frequency regulation, thus saving energy and money. Variable and difficult-to-predict wind power will play a major role in delivery of the UK Government increased targets for Renewables by 2020, from 20% up to 40%. Our preliminary analysis suggest that the ability of the system to accommodate such increased levels of wind generation will be very limited if traditional approaches for system balancing are used. Given that the total installed capacity of A/C type demand in the UK will be between 2.5 GW and 4 GW a full participation of this technology in system balancing (providing reserves and flexibility) could significantly enhance the ability of the system to absorb wind power.Models developed during the project will be used to assess the limits and value of this kind of DSM and undertake a review of the present commercial and regulatory framework and suggest alternatives for its improvements in order to facilitate a cost effective integration of DSM technologies in system operation and development. In this context, Imperial team will be carried out the following research tasks:(i) Thermal and electrical demand modelling of commercial buildings: In this Task an analysis of the electrical and thermal loads of consumers with A/C will be modelled and analysed. The thermal inertia will be modelled to develop electrical loads of A/C and control strategies that include disconnections or modification of the thermostat settings. The impact of a number of key factors will be includes, such as building characteristics (e.g. dimensions, orientation, geometry, construction materials), local climate conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, radiation) and conditioning system (e.g. comfort settings, characteristic of A/C equipment). This will include evaluation of A/C loads under alternative control strategies including the effects of increased energy consumption following releases of control actions in order to restore the desired space temperature.(ii) Modelling of system operation and development with controllable loads: In this task we will investigate and develop a novel model to simulate the operation of the generation system with the presence of controllable demand that can be used to as a resource for providing short-term demand-supply balancing capability, such as peak load management (load shifting) and provision of reserve and frequency regulation services. One of the key challenges will be to select optimal combination of A/C control strategies to maximise the system peak load reduction and optimise provision of system reserves. Furthermore, a comprehensive capacity adequacy method will be build to examine the contribution that A/C controllable load can make in increasing the capacity value of intermittent generation.(iii) Evaluation of system benefits and incorporation of DSM in the commercial and regulatory framework: The key objective of this task will be to quantify the benefits of using DSM for providing demand-supply balancing capability (peak load reduction and/or provision of load frequency regulation and reserve services) and the value of firming up intermittent generation. This will also include the evaluation of corresponding savings in CO2 emissions and quantification of the degree of enhanced security that can be attributable to DSM. We will then examine how the identified benefits of Demand Response and DSM can be realised in the context of the decentralised electricity market.

分布式需求侧管理示范（DD-DSM）将提供一个概念，让空调机组为电力系统运营商提供运行服务，特别是频率控制、备用和其他系统平衡服务。它通过利用建筑物内固有的热能储存，并根据系统要求以规定的方式安排其运行来实现这一点。使用这种方法可以让不太传统的电厂提供这种频率调节，从而节省能源和资金。多变且难以预测的风力发电将在英国政府到2020年将可再生能源的目标从20%提高到40%的过程中发挥重要作用。我们的初步分析表明，如果使用传统的系统平衡方法，系统适应风力发电水平增加的能力将非常有限。考虑到英国空调需求的总装机容量将在2.5吉瓦至4吉瓦之间，将该技术充分参与系统平衡（提供储备和灵活性）可以显著提高系统吸收风电的能力。项目期间开发的模型将用于评估这类用电需求管理的限制和价值，并对目前的商业和监管框架进行审查，并提出改进方案，以便在系统操作和开发中以成本效益高的方式整合用电需求管理技术。在此背景下，帝国团队将开展以下研究任务：(i)商业建筑的热电需求建模：在这项任务中，将对使用空调的消费者的电负荷和热负荷进行建模和分析。热惯性将被建模，以开发空调的电力负荷和控制策略，包括断开连接或修改恒温器设置。一些关键因素的影响将包括，如建筑特性（如尺寸，朝向，几何形状，建筑材料），当地气候条件（如温度，湿度，辐射）和调节系统（如舒适设置，空调设备的特性）。这将包括评估在不同控制策略下的空调负荷，包括释放控制措施后增加能耗的影响，以恢复所需的空间温度。（ii）系统运行和发展的可控负荷建模：在这项任务中，我们将研究和开发一个新的模型来模拟发电系统在可控需求的情况下的运行，这种可控需求可以用作提供短期供需平衡能力的资源，例如峰值负荷管理（负荷转移）和提供备用和频率调节服务。其中一个关键的挑战将是选择最佳的空调控制策略组合，以最大限度地降低系统峰值负荷并优化系统储备。在此基础上，建立了一种综合的容量充分性方法来考察空调可控负荷对间歇性发电容量值增加的贡献。（iii）评价系统效益和将用电需求管理纳入商业和管制框架：这项任务的主要目标将是量化利用用电需求管理提供供需平衡能力（减少高峰负荷和/或提供负荷频率调节和储备服务）的效益，以及巩固间歇性发电的价值。这还将包括评估相应的二氧化碳排放节约和量化可归因于DSM的安全增强程度。然后，我们将研究如何在分散的电力市场背景下实现需求响应和需求侧管理所确定的好处。