Modelling the path to better soil-applied pesticides

许多农药是土壤施用的，包括残留除草剂、土壤杀虫剂和掺入杀真菌剂和/或杀虫剂的种子处理剂。它们在水污染方面面临巨大的监管压力，因此继续从市场上流失。模拟模型是根据欧盟地下水和地表水保护标准监管农药的主要依据。由于这些模型是一维的，它们不能明确地表示植物或其根，或制剂和制剂放置策略的影响。存在表示系统的各个组件的其他模型是更令人满意的方式。该项目将创建一个概念框架，用于表示整个土壤-植物系统中的当地农药浓度，并将利用该框架制作一个具有空间能力的模拟模型，该模型将整合现有知识。先进的配方和放置策略提供了减少脱靶运动的前景。新模式将首次使其环境效益以具有成本效益的方式量化。这提供了一个前景，即能够在这些技术的监管审批过程中获得信贷，抵消不断变化的监管对经济的负面影响。结合现有的经验方法，新模型还将提供对土壤-植物系统中农药效力的定量了解，从而能够合理设计新的活性成分和制剂。简而言之，该项目将优化土壤施用农药产品的功效和环境保护，帮助产品发明并支持监管审批。该项目与竞争范围非常一致。研究结果将有助于在产品设计阶段优化功效和水保护，从而生产出更有效的产品，提高作物产量并减少对环境的影响。该项目还创造了一种方法来证明先进的配方技术和产品布局战略的环境效益，并提供了前景，这些在欧盟农药监管审查过程中获得信贷，其中农药的命运模型被放在很大的权重。显著减少水污染的配方和放置战略也自然适合于监管缓解战略以及实地和流域一级的风险管理计划。

Many pesticides are soil applied, including residual herbicides, soil insecticides and seed treatments incorporating fungicides and/or insecticides. They are under intense regulatory pressure with regard to water contamination, and continue to be lost from the market as a result. Simulation models are the primary basis for regulating pesticides against EU ground- and surface-water protection standards. Since these models are one-dimensional, they cannot explicitly represent plants or their roots, or the effects of formulations and formulation placement strategies. Other models exist that represent individual components of the system is a more satisfactory way. This project will create a conceptual framework for representing local pesticide concentrations in the whole soil-plant system, and will use it to produce a spatially-competent simulation model, that integrates existing knowledge. Advanced formulations and placement strategies offer the prospect of reduced off-target movement. The new model will for the first time enable their environmental benefit to be quantified in a cost-effective way. This offers the prospect of being able to gain credit in the regulatory approval process for these technologies, offsetting the negative economic effects of evolving regulation. In combination with existing empirical approaches, the new model will also deliver quantitative understanding of pesticide efficacy in the soil-plant system, enabling the rational design of new active ingredients and formulations. In short, the project will enable efficacy and environmental protection to be optimised for soil-applied pesticidal products, aiding product invention and supporting regulatory approval.This project is well aligned to the competition scope. The results will enable the optimisation of efficacy and water protection at the product design stage, leading to more efficacious products that enhance crop productivity and reduce environmental impact. The project also creates a way to demonstrate the environmental benefit of advanced formulation technology and product placement strategies, and offers the prospect of gaining credit for these in the EU regulatory review process for pesticides, in which great weight is placed on pesticide fate models. Formulations and placement strategies that significantly reduce water contamination would also fit naturally into regulatory mitigation strategies, and risk management schemes at the field and watershed level.