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Eel fisheries from local to global: drivers of exploitation and prospects for sustainability

从本地到全球的鳗鱼渔业：开发驱动因素和可持续发展前景

基本信息

批准号：
1635038
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1635038
关键词：
Eel fisheries local global drivers

项目摘要

Freshwater eels (family Anguillidae) are at the centre of a complex interaction between social, economic and ecological forces and conservation efforts. Several species of eel are highly valued for consumption, primarily in East Asia. However, some of these same species have experienced steep declines in stocks and recruitment, with the American and Japanese eels considered endangered and the European eel critically endangered. Depending on factors that limit supply, such as stricter regulations and declining abundance, prices, especially for the juveniles ('glass eels') can reach high levels, thereby incentivising intensive fishing effort. Conservation and management measures have been put in place in many countries, including habitat improvement, export bans, catch quotas and restricted fishing seasons. The overall effect of these efforts on stocks is still unknown. Meanwhile, environmental influences, including climate change, are also thought to play a part in the declines. This particular confluence of conflicting socioeconomic and conservation imperatives is not unique to eels and shares similarities with many exploited species, both of other fish and wildlife. As such, eels provide an example subject for examining the ecological, economic and social dynamics influencing the conservation of many threatened species. This study collected data through global databases of eel fishing and trade as well as through anthropological field work in two eel fishing countries. These quantitative and qualitative data form the basis for analyses of eel fisheries under four main areas: 1) Creation of conceptual SES framework that represents the interconnectedness between eel SESs involved and factors influencing trends in trade. This includes comparison of major data sources that currently influence international policy-making. 2) Relative effectiveness of governance in the glass eel fisheries in the case study areas. 3) Motivations and behaviour of eel fishers and how they are relevant to management and conservation. 4) Differences in valuation of eel between stakeholders and implications of these differences to coordinated conservation decision-making.

淡水鳗鱼（鳗鲡科）是社会、经济和生态力量与保护努力之间复杂相互作用的中心。有几种鳗鱼的消费价值很高，主要是在东亚。然而，其中一些物种的种群和补充量急剧下降，美国和日本鳗鱼被认为濒临灭绝，欧洲鳗鱼严重濒临灭绝。根据限制供应的因素，如更严格的规定和丰度下降，价格，特别是幼鳗（“玻璃鳗”）的价格可能达到很高的水平，从而刺激密集的捕捞努力。许多国家已采取养护和管理措施，包括改善生境、禁止出口、渔获量配额和限制捕鱼季节。这些努力对鱼类种群的总体影响仍不得而知。与此同时，包括气候变化在内的环境影响也被认为是造成这种下降的一部分。这种相互冲突的社会经济和保护需求的特殊融合并不是鳗鱼所独有的，它与其他鱼类和野生动物的许多被开发物种都有相似之处。因此，鳗鱼为研究影响许多受威胁物种保护的生态、经济和社会动态提供了一个范例。本研究通过全球鳗鱼捕捞和贸易数据库以及两个鳗鱼捕捞国的人类学实地考察收集数据。这些定量和定性数据构成了以下四个主要领域的鳗鱼渔业分析的基础：1）建立概念性的SES框架，代表所涉及的鳗鱼SES和影响贸易趋势的因素之间的相互联系。这包括比较目前影响国际决策的主要数据来源。2)案例研究区域内玻璃鳗渔业治理的相对有效性。3)鳗鱼捕捞者的动机和行为及其与管理和养护的关系。4)利益相关者之间鳗鱼价值的差异及其对协调保护决策的影响。