Sharing the benefits of sustainable fisheries: from global to local legal approaches to marine ecosystem services for poverty alleviation

分享可持续渔业的惠益：从全球到地方的海洋生态系统服务扶贫法律方法

• 批准号: NE/M007650/2
• 负责人: Elisa Morgera
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM007650%2F2
• 关键词: Sharing; benefits; sustainable; fisheries; global

How can science be translated into law in ways that encourage more sustainable fishing that benefits the poor? This inter-disciplinary project explores whether and how the innovative legal tool "benefit-sharing" can be integrated with the concept of marine ecosystem services to reduce the systemic poverty of coastal societies who depend upon marine resources for both food security and income generation. Benefit-sharing and ecosystem services are rapidly maturing concepts aspiring to reduce overexploitation of the world's diminishing natural capital. Each, however, has evolved in relative disciplinary isolation, missing potential synergies when considered together. Fisheries remain a highly contested ecosystem service arena, challenged by complex and fragmented arrays of legal instruments that affect access to and management of marine resources by developing countries and by small-scale fishing communities. The ability of marine ecosystems to provide abundant fish and fish products has been compromised by unsustainable fishing practices and associated biodiversity loss. Developing countries, especially least developing countries (LDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS), and their coastal inhabitants are the most vulnerable to these marine ecosystem services losses, as they are deeply reliant on fisheries for income and food, and are some of the poorest societies in the world.The hypothesis is that benefit-sharing when framed as part of ecosystem service sustainability can address poverty issues among and within States, in the context of sustainable fisheries management. A combination of science, policy and legal research is needed to understand whether, how and to what extent benefit-sharing can effectively support both developing countries and small-scale fishing communities within these countries to achieve sustainable fisheries. Ultimately, this project aims to provide a better understanding of the role of law in equitably regulating sustainable fisheries as a provisioning ecosystem service, thereby contributing to a fairer regime among States, and to poverty alleviation within States.The project is designed around interdisciplinary partnerships, with a number of envisaged beneficiaries at the international, national and local levels. Through its policy outputs (think-pieces), the project will benefit international policy-makers by translating standards dispersed through several instruments into workable guidance to ensure consistency in relevant international processes. Furthermore, the think-pieces will provide a clear understanding of emerging international guidance for national law-makers and managers responsible for their implementation at national and local levels, by clarifying whether and how legal arrangements for benefit-sharing can enable sustainable livelihoods through the conservation and sustainable management of marine ecosystems. Similarly, the think-pieces will target NGOs, think tanks and bilateral donors that support regional, national and sub-national decision-making and implementation processes related to marine ecosystems. By targeting decision-makers and advisors at various levels, the project aims to reach as its ultimate beneficiaries small-scale fishing communities (over 50 million people) in developing countries, especially LDCs and SIDS.In addition to the wide distribution of think pieces in English, French and Spanish, the project seeks long-lasting impacts on non-academic stakeholders through: its project website (including Twitter, blog posts, Facebook); an open-access legal journal article and interdisciplinary edited collection; and the identification of "champions for change" among the selected international experts involved in the project. In sum, the project aims at focusing and guiding practical approaches to marine ecosystem services for poverty alleviation on "global-to-local" legal approaches.

如何将科学转化为法律，鼓励更可持续的渔业，造福穷人？这个跨学科项目探讨是否以及如何将创新的法律工具“利益分享”与海洋生态系统服务的概念相结合，以减少依赖海洋资源实现粮食安全和创收的沿海社会的系统性贫困。利益分享和生态系统服务是迅速成熟的概念，旨在减少对世界日益减少的自然资本的过度开发。然而，每一个都是在相对孤立的学科中发展起来的，如果放在一起考虑，就会失去潜在的协同作用。渔业仍然是竞争激烈的生态系统服务领域，受到影响发展中国家和小规模渔业社区获取和管理海洋资源的一系列复杂和零散的法律文书的挑战。海洋生态系统提供丰富鱼类和鱼类产品的能力因不可持续的捕鱼做法和相关的生物多样性丧失而受到损害。发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家及其沿海居民最容易受到这些海洋生态系统服务丧失的影响，因为这些国家的收入和粮食严重依赖渔业，是世界上最贫穷的社会之一。其假设是，利益分享作为生态系统服务可持续性的一部分，可以在可持续渔业管理的范围内解决国家之间和国家内部的贫穷问题。需要结合科学、政策和法律研究来了解利益分享是否、如何以及在多大程度上能够有效地支持发展中国家和这些国家内的小规模渔业社区实现可持续渔业。最终，该项目的目的是更好地了解法律在公平管理可持续渔业作为提供生态系统服务方面的作用，从而促进国家之间更公平的制度，并在国家内部减轻贫困。该项目是围绕跨学科伙伴关系设计的，在国际、国家和地方各级设想了一些受益者。该项目将通过其政策产出（思想库）使国际决策者受益，将通过若干工具分散的标准转化为可行的指导，以确保相关国际进程的一致性。此外，通过澄清利益分享的法律安排是否以及如何能够通过海洋生态系统的保护和可持续管理来实现可持续生计，这些智库将为负责在国家和地方一级实施这些指南的国家立法者和管理人员提供对新兴国际指南的清晰理解。同样，这些智库将针对支持与海洋生态系统有关的区域、国家和次国家决策和实施进程的非政府组织、智库和双边捐助者。该项目以各级决策者和顾问为对象，旨在使发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家的小规模渔业社区（超过5000万人）成为最终受益者。除了广泛分发英语、法语和西班牙语的思考文章外，该项目还通过以下方式寻求对非学术利益相关者的长期影响：项目网站（包括Twitter、博客文章、Facebook）；一篇开放获取的法律期刊文章和跨学科编辑集；并在参与该项目的选定的国际专家中确定“变革倡导者”。总而言之，该项目的目的是将海洋生态系统服务用于减轻贫困的实际方法集中在“从全球到地方”的法律方法上。

项目成果

Sharing the Benefits of Sustainable Fisheries: From Global to Local Legal Approaches to Marine Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation

分享可持续渔业的利益：从全球到地方的海洋生态系统服务扶贫法律途径

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Diz, D

Linking small-scale fisheries to international obligations on marine technology transfer

将小规模渔业与海洋技术转让国际义务联系起来

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.07.021
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Marine Policy
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Morgera E

Delivering sustainable fisheries through adoption of a risk-based framework as part of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.018
• 发表时间: 2018-07-01
• 期刊: MARINE POLICY
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Kenny, Andrew J.;Campbell, Neil;Diz, Daniela
• 通讯作者: Diz, Daniela

Mainstreaming marine biodiversity into the SDGs: The role of other effective area-based conservation measures (SDG 14.5)

将海洋生物多样性纳入可持续发展目标主流：其他有效的区域保护措施的作用（可持续发展目标 14.5）

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.019
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Marine Policy
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Diz D

Scotland as a case study for how benefits of marine ecosystem services may contribute to the commercial fishing industry

苏格兰作为海洋生态系统服务的效益如何促进商业捕捞业的案例研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.06.009
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Marine Policy
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Brooker E