Gamma-ray Burst-Supernova Connection

许多伽玛射线暴（GRB）的起源可以用一颗质量比我们的太阳大几十倍的星星的爆炸性死亡来解释。这颗星星的核心在超新星事件中坍塌，可能形成一个黑洞并释放出非常快的喷流。我们观测到的伽玛射线暴光来自喷流内部的冲击波阵面，对于一些附近的伽玛射线暴，我们还看到了伴随的核心坍缩超新星（SN）。然而，我们还没有一个足够发达的图片，哪些恒星将结束他们的生命作为GRB-SN，以及他们如何做到这一点。我们也迫切需要了解伽玛射线暴喷流本身是如何从黑洞中发射出来的。许多天体物理源都有喷流，伽玛暴是其中最具相对论性的。一些最强的伽玛射线暴-超新星组合就在附近，是暗爆，当然不是典型的伽玛暴。预期的同步辐射是，在这些伽玛射线暴中的一些，不足以解释X射线和紫外线特性。本项目将在爆发后几天至几周内在超新星的光学背景下研究其起源：如果我们能在更高的X射线能量下发现超新星的特征，它可能会揭示超新星冲击爆发，并作为一个早期预警系统，帮助我们研究超新星的爆发和演化。来自NASA Swift卫星的当前和未来数据，该卫星是一项专门的GRB寻找使命，其英国数据中心位于莱斯特，并与一系列其他跨越多个波长的地面和太空天文台相结合。建模和模拟这些数据中发现的时间，光谱和样本属性，您将研究伽马射线爆发及其相关超新星的性质和起源。

the origin of many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be explained by the explosive death of a star tens of times more massive than our Sun. the star's core collapses in a supernova event, likely forming a black hole and releasing very fast jets. the GRB light we observe comes from schock fronts within this jets, and for some nearby GRBs we also see accompanying core-collapse supernova (SN). We do not, however, have a sufficiently developed picture of which stars will end their lives as GRB-SN, and how they do this. There is also an urgent need to understand how the GRB jets themselves are launched from the black hole. Very many astrophysical sources possess jets, GRBs being the most relativistic of these.Some of the strongest gamma-ray burst--supernova associations have been nearby, underluminous bursts, and certainly not to your typical GRB. The expected synchotron emission is, in some of these GRBs, not sufficient to explain the X-ray and UV properties. Additional spectral features are present, whose origins will be investigated in this project both in the context of supernovae in the optical several days to weeks after the burst: if we can find supernova signatures at higher, X-ray, energies it may reveal the supernova shock breakout and act as an early-warning system to help us sutdy the supernova onset and evolution.This observational project will use past, present and future data from the NASA Swift satellite, a dedicated GRB-finding mission with its UK data centre hosted in Leicester, in combination with a range of other ground- and space-based observatories spanning many wavelengths. Modelling and simulationg the temporal, spectral and sample properties found in these data, you will study the nature and origins of gamma-ray bursts and their associated supernovae.