Transfer of Organelle Genes to the Nucleus

将细胞器基因转移到细胞核

• 批准号: 6334091
• 负责人: JEFFREY D PALMER
• 金额: $ 35.73万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6334091
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; DNA directed RNA polymerase; angiosperms; biochemical evolution; cell nucleus; cytochrome oxidase; cytogenetics; developmental genetics; gene duplication; gene expression; gene induction /repression; gene mutation; genetic transcription; genome; introns; microarray technology; mitochondria; molecular cloning; nucleic acid hybridization; nucleic acid sequence; organelles; plant genetics; plant morphology; polymerase chain reaction; protein structure function

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract) The study of organelle genes is essential to our understanding of eukaryotic cellular and molecular biology. The proper functioning of organelles in eukaryotic cells involves a precise cooperation between nuclear and organellar genetic systems. Defects in this functioning have direct consequences for human health, as is evident from the intense interest in mitochondrially-inherited diseases. The primary goal of this proposal is to address a fundamental problem in the genetic coevolution of the eukaryotic cell: How are organelle genes functionally transferred to the nucleus during evolution, and what are the tempo, pattern, and consequences of these genetic relocations? All of this work is carried out in plants, which for several reasons should be viewed as a model to study functional gene transfer from organelles to nucleus. We propose to: 1) use DNA hybridization arrays to survey 20,000 species of plants in order to elucidate the fine-scale tempo and pattern of loss (and gain) of mitochondrial genes and introns, and to use these findings as the starting point for many of the more in-depth studies outlined below; 2) test, for several mitochondrial genes, the hypothesis that their many separate losses reflect remarkably high rates of functional gene transfer to the nucleus, and in so doing, to learn more about the mechanisms of functional gene transfer; 3) examine a few cases of gene transfer in-depth in order to characterize intermediate stages of transcompartmental duplication, to determine their persistence and the dynamics of mitochondrial vs. nuclear gene loss and silencing, and to investigate whether transcompartmental duplications are ever fixed; 4) identify plants with highly elevated rates of ongoing gene transfer and test the hypothesis that this is caused by highly elevated rates of reverse transcription; 5) determine whether mitochondrial genomes ever reacquire genes lost through transfer to the nucleus, and if so, whether this occurs by direct return from the nucleus of the same organism, or by lateral transfer from an unrelated organism; and. Our secondary goal is to determine the origin and pattern of transmission of an extraordinarily invasive genetic element - a homing group I intron that we showed has invaded mitochondrial coxi genes over 1,000 times through a massive wave of lateral transfers during recent angiosperm evolution.

描述（申请人的摘要）细胞器基因的研究对于 我们对真核细胞和分子生物学的理解。适当的 在真核细胞中，细胞器的功能包括精确的协作， 细胞核和细胞器遗传系统之间的联系这种功能的缺陷 对人类健康有直接影响，这一点从强烈的 对遗传性疾病感兴趣这个的主要目标 该提案旨在解决人类遗传共同进化中的一个基本问题， 真核细胞：细胞器基因如何在功能上转移到真核细胞？ 进化过程中的核心，以及进化的克里思、模式和后果是什么 这些基因迁移所有这些工作都在工厂进行， 有几个原因应被视为研究功能性基因转移的模型 从细胞器到细胞核 我们建议：1）使用DNA杂交阵列调查20，000种 植物，以阐明细尺度的克里思和模式的损失（和 获得）的线粒体基因和内含子，并使用这些发现作为 以下概述的许多更深入研究的起点; 2）测试， 对于几个线粒体基因，假设他们的许多单独的损失， 反映出功能基因转移到细胞核的速率非常高， 在这样做的过程中，了解更多关于功能基因转移的机制; 3） 深入研究几个基因转移的案例，以描述 跨房室重复的中间阶段，以确定其 线粒体与核基因丢失的持续性和动态， 沉默，并调查是否跨室重复是曾经 固定; 4）确定正在进行的基因转移率极高的植物 并检验这是由高逆转率引起的假设， 转录; 5）确定线粒体基因组是否曾经重新获得基因 通过转移到细胞核而丢失，如果是这样，这是否通过直接 从同一有机体的细胞核返回，或从一个细胞核通过侧向转移返回。 不相关的生物;和。我们的第二个目标是确定起源， 一种非常具有侵入性的遗传因子的传播模式-- 我们发现归巢I组内含子已经侵入线粒体coxi基因， 在最近的一次大规模横向转移中， 被子植物进化