RESIDENTIAL ENCLAVES AND THE HEALTH OF IMMIGRANTS

拟议的研究将使用来自8个成年人横断面调查的数据，并将死亡率随访与调查对象的居住地信息联系起来，以评估移民和同种族居住集群对经验确定的外国出生的死亡率和发病率优势的影响。更具体地说，这项研究将解决居住在居住飞地的问题，居住飞地被定义为一组连续的人口普查块群体，统计上确定了语言限制的特定种族最近移民的密度，是否会影响移民的发病率和死亡率前景。第二个研究问题是，社区经济状况和城市层面的收入不平等和居住隔离是否减弱或消除了生活在这样一个飞地中的任何有利影响。来自三个独立来源的数据将被用于分三步进行这些分析。关于健康风险行为、人口特征和健康结果的个人数据来自1987-1994年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的成年受访者，NHIS是美国非机构人口的年度全国代表性横断面调查。这些数据还将与同样8年期间的全国健康访谈调查-多种死因（NHIS- mcd）文件相关联，其中包含来自NHIS的调查受访者的死亡证明信息，为分析的死亡率部分提供数据。然后通过地理编码将这些匹配的记录链接到1990年街区组、人口普查区和大都市统计区的人口普查的STF3-A数据。这些数据将被用来描述调查对象的居住环境。人口普查局关于大都市统计地区居住隔离和收入不平等的额外表格数据将用于补充人口普查STF3-A提供的数据。分析将包括三个步骤。首先，将开发空间模型，从块组级别的可用信息中识别移民居住飞地。其次，建立移民个体死亡率和发病率模型，建立移民群体健康差异的个体水平路径。这些模型将指定有或没有选定的健康行为，以评估健康行为在健康结果中的干预作用。最后，将个人置于其居住环境中，并使用适当的多层次技术评估居住飞地生活的直接影响以及社区和城市一级经济和居住隔离条件的修改效应。

The proposed research will use data from eight cross-sectional surveys of adults with mortality follow-up linked to information about the place of residence of the survey respondent to assess the impact of the residential clustering of immigrants and co-ethnics on the empirically identified mortality and morbidity advantage of the foreign born. More specifically, this research will address the issue of whether living in a residential enclave, which is defined as a contiguous set of Census block-groups with statistically identified densities of recent immigrants of particular ethnic groups with language constraints, affects the morbidity and mortality prospects of immigrants. The secondary research questions are whether the neighborhood economic conditions and city level income inequality and residential segregation attenuate or eliminate any favorable effects of living in such an enclave. Data from three independent sources will be used to conduct these analyses in three steps. Individual data on health risk behavior, demographic characteristics, and health outcomes comes from adult respondents to the 1987-1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the non-institutional population of the United States. These data will also be linked to the National Health Interview Survey-Multiple Cause of Death (NHIS-MCD) files for the same eight year period, which contains death certificate information for survey respondents from the NHIS to provide data for the mortality portion of the analysis. These matched records are then linked via geocodes to the STF3-A data from the 1990 Census of Population at the block-group, census tract, and Metropolitan Statistical Area. This data will be used to characterize the residential environment of the survey respondents. Additional tabulated data from the Census Bureau on residential segregation and income inequality in Metropolitan Statistical Areas will be used to augment the data available from the Census STF3-A. The analysis will consist of three steps. First, spatial models will be developed to identity immigrant residential enclaves from the available information at the block-group level. Second, individual mortality and morbidity models will be developed for immigrants to establish the individual level pathways to differential health among immigrant populations. These models will be specified with and without selected health behaviors to assess the intervening role of health behaviors in health outcomes. Finally, the individuals will be placed in their residential contexts and the direct effects of living in a residential enclave and the modifying effects of the neighborhood and city-level economic and residential segregation conditions will be assessed using appropriate multilevel techniques.