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Energy storage: UK viability of energy storage from renewable sources and energy re-introduction into the grid or as fuel for transport

能源储存：英国利用可再生能源储存能源以及将能源重新引入电网或作为运输燃料的可行性

基本信息

批准号：
1658940
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1658940
关键词：
Energy storage UK viability energy

项目摘要

The balancing of supply and demand for electricity is arguably harder now than it ever has been. This is because of rising demand and a drastic change in the supply mix of most networks. Conventional methods for planning how to manage this are reliant on dispatchable fossil fuel generators, particularly large power plants running at low capacity or diesel generators. The variability of renewable energy sources (RES) is unlike what the system has seen before and due to the emissions targets conventional planning methods and solutions are not applicable. Many decision makers given the substantial year-on-year challenges are turning to using current economics and technical analyses as ''tools to support predetermined technology choices''.This research has the potential impact to better inform decision makers as to the strategic decisions that they should be making to practically enable high penetration RE in an electricity supply mix. Specifically it determines how the size and duration of storage required, to balance supply and demand, changes with multiple variables (such as RES penetration and demand side management).The research proposal can easily be separated into three key deliverables:1. Quantifying (having developed the methodology) the relationship between RES and storage requirement.2. A model which determines the technical and economic optimal renewable energy (RE) supply and storage system to meet a given demand profile.3. A dynamic model of the Haber-Bosch (HB) process with novel catalysts to facilitate quantification of the back-up required.Deliverables 2 and 3 will then be combined to provide a methodology to determine the optimal RE supply and storage system, including the production of ammonia by the HB process using conventional and novel catalysts, for a demand profile of a micro-grid or smaller.In facilitate quantification and understanding of the relationship between RES and storage requirement this we have set up the Storage Duration Index (SDI) to enable the quantification of the storage duration and size required. This novel methodology is enabling us to identify the impact that key variables have on the storage requirements. The SDI has shown that seasonal storage is potentially undervalued at present particularly with high PV penetration networks. Unlike previous investigations this will enable us from first principles, without initially distorting the problem with constraints such as technology characteristics or current economics, to determine the technical and economically optimal supply and storage system to meet a given demand profile. This understanding (and model) will then be used practically to determine the economically optimal RE supply and storage system for any given demand profile.In parallel with this work we plan to develop a dynamic model of ammonia production from RE, using the HB process with conventional and novel catalysts, for use as an energy vector. This will allow us to determine more accurately than previous steady-state analyses the backup required for ammonia production from RES. The modelling of novel catalysts would enable planning a proof-of-concept plant which is at present not feasible. There is potential for us to be able to validate this model on a proof-of-concept plant at Harwell using conventional HB production from wind.Having completed these two work-streams we will be able to determine the technical and economic optimal supply-storage system (including ammonia as a storage method) for a given demand profile. To conclude if we constrain the model's storage method to only using ammonia we would be able to build a business plan and identify its key sensitivities.This project falls within the EPSRC energy research area and more specifically the sub-theme of energy storage (while facilitating high penetration renewable energy grid integration).My Siemens-EPSRC iCASE Award has allowed me to work closely with Siemens.

电力供需的平衡可以说比以往任何时候都要困难。这是因为需求不断上升，而且大多数网络的供应结构发生了巨大变化。规划如何管理这一问题的传统方法依赖于可调度的化石燃料发电机，特别是低容量运行的大型发电厂或柴油发电机。可再生能源（RES）的可变性不同于系统之前所看到的，并且由于排放目标，传统的规划方法和解决方案不适用。考虑到每年面临的巨大挑战，许多决策者正转向利用当前的经济和技术分析作为“支持预先确定的技术选择的工具”。这项研究具有潜在的影响，可以更好地告知决策者他们应该做出的战略决策，以便在电力供应组合中实际实现高渗透可再生能源。具体来说，它决定了平衡供需所需的存储大小和持续时间如何随多个变量（如RES渗透和需求侧管理）而变化。研究计划可以很容易地分为三个关键的交付成果：1。量化（开发了方法）可再生能源和存储需求之间的关系。2 .确定满足给定需求曲线的最优可再生能源（RE）供应和存储系统的技术和经济模型。一个动态模型的哈伯-博世（HB）过程与新的催化剂，以促进量化所需的后备。然后，交付成果2和3将结合起来，提供一种方法来确定最佳的可再生能源供应和存储系统，包括使用传统和新型催化剂通过HB工艺生产氨，以满足微电网或更小的需求。为了便于量化和理解RES与存储需求之间的关系，我们建立了存储持续时间指数（SDI），以便量化所需的存储持续时间和大小。这种新颖的方法使我们能够确定关键变量对存储需求的影响。SDI表明，季节性储能目前可能被低估，特别是在光伏渗透率很高的情况下。与之前的调查不同，这将使我们能够从第一原则出发，而不是最初因技术特征或当前经济等限制因素而扭曲问题，以确定技术和经济上最优的供应和存储系统，以满足给定的需求概况。这种理解（和模型）将在实际中用于确定任何给定需求剖面下经济上最优的可再生能源供应和存储系统。与此同时，我们计划利用HB工艺与传统和新型催化剂开发一个RE制氨的动态模型，作为能量矢量。这将使我们能够比以前的稳态分析更准确地确定res生产氨所需的备用。新型催化剂的建模将使规划一个目前不可行的概念验证工厂成为可能。我们有可能在Harwell的一个概念验证工厂上验证这个模型，该工厂使用传统的风能生产HB。完成这两个工作流程后，我们将能够根据给定的需求概况确定技术和经济上最优的供应-存储系统（包括作为存储方法的氨）。总之，如果我们限制模型的存储方法只使用氨，我们将能够建立一个商业计划，并确定其关键敏感性。该项目属于EPSRC能源研究领域，更具体地说，是储能的子主题（同时促进高渗透可再生能源电网整合）。我的西门子- epsrc iCASE奖使我能够与西门子密切合作。