METHODS FOR DEVELOPING AND TESTING AEROSOL SAMPLERS

目前niosh资助的一个研究项目旨在为更好地理解控制气溶胶采样器性能的物理因素提供基础。它是由目前对制定新的气溶胶采样器职业暴露标准的兴趣所驱动的。它是由目前对制定新的气溶胶职业暴露标准的兴趣推动的，该标准更好地反映了人类的暴露情况。那个项目的所有实验研究都已完成。在分析了结果和报告之后，该项目将于1998年3月（从1997年8月延长）最后完成。该项目在确定新的实验方法方面确实非常成功，提供了优秀和丰富的基本数据，以此为基础发展可用于气溶胶采样器性能的数学模型。这种模型看起来很有希望描述实际工业卫生中使用的采样器的性能。这个新项目旨在以已获得的新知识为基础。具体来说，它将用于制定尺度定律，通过该定律，可以在与当前研究中使用的小型风洞中开发、测试和验证与全尺寸职业设置（尺寸尺度、使用方式、粒度范围、风速、采样流量等）相关的条件下的采样器。这种方法已经显示出快速获取大量业绩数据的潜力。使用新方法的试点开发工作产生的新采样器将在实际工作场所与已知的“参考”采样器进行测试。预计这项研究将导致气溶胶采样器性能常规测试的新方案（包括对特定粒径选择标准的验证），这将不需要使用非常大的风洞和大量的劳动力资源，就像目前的情况一样。因此，新的检测程序将是快速和经济有效的。目前，国际社会（包括NIOSH和欧共体）对实现新采样器测试和开发方法的这种改进非常感兴趣。

A current NIOSH-funded research project aims to provide a basis for improved understanding of the physical factors that govern the performance of aerosol samplers. It is driven by the current interest in developing new occupational exposure standards of aerosol samplers. It is driven by the current interest in developing new occupational exposure standards for aerosols which better reflect human exposure. All the experimental research for that project has been completed. Final completion of the project, following analysis of the results and reporting, will be in March 1998 (extended from August 1997). That project has been very successful indeed in identifying new experimental methods, providing excellent and copious basic data on which to base the development of mathematically-accessible models for aerosol sampler performance. Such models look very promising for describing the performances of samplers like those used in practical industrial hygiene. This new project aims to build on the new knowledge that has been gained. Specifically, it will be used in the development of scaling laws by which samplers in conditions relevant to the full-scale occupational setting (dimensional scale, mode of use, particle size range, wind-speed, sampling flowrate, etc.) can be developed, tested and validated in a small wind tunnel like that used in the current research. Such an approach has already shown its potential for the rapid acquisition of copious performance data. New samplers arising from pilot development work using the new methodology will be tested against known 'reference' samplers in actual workplaces. It is expected that this research will lead to new protocols for the routine testing of aerosol sampler performance (including validation with respect to specific particle size-selective criteria) which will not require-as is currently the case-the use of very large wind tunnels and extensive labor resources. As a result, the new testing procedures will be quick and cost-effective. There is currently considerable interest in the international community (including both NIOSH and the EC) in achieving such improvements in new sampler testing and development methodologies.