Functional Near Infrared Imaging System

描述(申请人提供)：国际空间站将开发一种新的仪器用于 脑功能激活的非侵入性成像。该系统将由新颖的硬件和软件组成。硬件将包括32个激光器 二极管发射器和8个光电倍增管探测器。的新奇特征 硬件将包括定制的频率合成器和定制的数据 采集卡，两者都将显著提高成像性能 现有设备过多。该软件将包括实时视频地图 多种组织属性(血红蛋白血氧饱和度、血红蛋白 浓度和组织光学参数)。将生成这些地图 从包括校准频域倍数在内的各种方法 距离法(C-FDMD)、绝对频域倍距法、 连续波差分路径长度法和交叉源-探测器 (CSD)路径方法。这种多样化的方法将使地图能够受益于 从每种方法的特点来看，从高量化的 C-FDMD方法对CSD方法的高度局部化。该系统将是 在幻影上进行测试，并在人体受试者中结合功能 磁共振成像(FMRI)。在其设计和测试完成后， 该系统将是世界上唯一可以商业使用的NEAR研究系统 红外组织血红蛋白动态成像。 建议的商业应用： 1.脑激活的光学成像和刺激的脑细胞聚集体的定位； 2.认知神经科学； 3.体外循环手术中的脑氧合监测； 4.睡眠呼吸暂停研究； 5.注意力缺陷障碍的调查

DESCRIPTION (Provided by Applicant): ISS will develop a novel instrument for the non-invasive imaging of functional activation of the brain. The system will consist of novel hardware and software. The hardware will include 32 laser diode emitters, and 8 photomultiplier tube detectors. Novel features of the hardware will include a customized frequency synthesizer and a customized data acquisition card, both of which will significantly improve imaging performance over current equipment. The software will include real time video maps of multiple tissue properties (hemoglobin oxygen saturation, hemoglobin concentration, and tissue optical parameters). These maps will be generated from a variety of methods including calibrated frequency domain multiple distance (C-FDMD) method, absolute frequency domain multiple distance method, continuous wave differential path length method, and crossed source-detector (CSD) path method. This multiplicity of methods will allow maps which benefit from the special characteristics of each method, from the high quantitation of C-FDMD method to the high localization of the CSD method. The system will be tested on phantoms, and in human subjects in conjunction with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Upon completion of its design and test, the system will be the world's only commercially available research system for near infrared tissue hemoglobin dynamics imaging. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: 1. Optical imaging of brain activation and localization of stimulated brain cellular aggregates; 2. Cognitive neuroscience; 3. Brain oxygenation monitoring during cardiac bypass surgery; 4. Sleep-apnea studies; 5. Attention deficit disorder investigations