Opticortex: A Full-Head Non-invasive Functional Optical Brain Imager

视皮层：全头非侵入性功能性光学脑成像仪

• 批准号: 7904352
• 负责人: Beniamino Barbieri
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: ISS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7904352
• 关键词: Adult; Area; Body measure procedure; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Complement; Computer software; Coupling; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Detection; Development; Documentation; Elements; Environment; Epilepsy; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Generations; Goals; Head; Housing; Human; Illinois; Image; Infant; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Lasers; Light; Linguistics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Medical; Medical Research; Mental Depression; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Nature; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Optics; Patients; Penetration; Phase; Population; Protocols documentation; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Source; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tube; Universities; Work; age effect; base; cognitive neuroscience; commercialization; cost; data acquisition; density; design; detector; experience; flexibility; hemodynamics; imaging modality; improved; instrument; interest; neuroimaging; neurosurgery; novel; photomultiplier; prototype; public health relevance; response; sensory cortex; stroke recovery; usability

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): ISS Inc. and the Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory (CNL) at the University of Illinois propose to develop and construct the prototype of a novel instrument for full-head non-invasive near infrared (NIR) functional imaging of the human brain (which we call "Opticortex"). NIR imaging, because of its combination of spatial and temporal resolution, its ability to image both neuronal and hemodynamic activity, and its relatively low cost, complements and enhances current human brain imaging methods, and is particularly useful for the investigation of whole brain cognitive networks and for studies of neurovascular coupling. Opticortex features include: (a) a large number of channels, providing full-head coverage and greater spatial resolution, using up to 128 laser sources and 60 detectors; and (b) programmable multiplexing to allow for "adaptive" recording montage design. During Phase I, we will explore two further features: (a) multiple simultaneous modulation frequencies to limit channel crosstalk and increase sampling rate; (b) variable modulation frequencies (from 50 to 300 MHz) to optimize S/N, spatial resolution and depth penetration for specific medical applications. The new systems will also include flexible, modular and integrated software for: (a) data acquisition; (b) co-registration of the optical data with anatomical images of the brain; (c) pre-analysis, artifact rejection and/or correction, averaging, image generation, statistical analysis; and (d) interfacing with other brain imaging software. The modular nature of the instrument confers several application and commercialization advantages. For some applications (e.g. infants or region-of-interest recording) a version featuring 32 sources and 15 detectors will be sufficient; yet, such instrument can be upgraded to the full configuration should the need arise, and for research involving full- head studies in adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: MRI is the technique of choice for imaging functional changes in the brain activity. It is costly (about $3M) and it requires special facilities. Data acquisition time is of the order of 20 minutes and during the registration session the patient is required to stand still inside the measuring body. We propose to build an instrument that is portable (it can be housed in a doctor's office), affordable (less than $500K), insensitive to motion artifacts (suitable for measurements on infants and children). The new frequency-domain instrument, which we call Opticortex, features 128 light sources and 60 detectors; it is intended for the measurement of the fast and slow activities of the entire brain. The Opticortex will launch a novel range of applications in cognitive neurosciences (task related responses in adults, the effect of aging on the sensory cortex, brain development in infants, linguistics) and it will open the door for the investigation of relevant medical applications: as it will selectively probe different depths of the brain, potential applications in the area of stroke recovery and neurosurgery, the study of epilepsy and depression will be within the reach of the medical research community.

描述（由申请人提供）： ISS Inc.和认知神经成像实验室（CNL）在伊利诺伊大学提出开发和构建一种新的仪器的原型，用于全头部非侵入性近红外（NIR）的人脑功能成像（我们称之为“Opticortex”）。 近红外成像，因为它的空间和时间分辨率的组合，它的成像神经元和血液动力学活动的能力，其相对较低的成本，补充和增强目前的人脑成像方法，是特别有用的全脑认知网络的调查和神经血管耦合的研究。 Opticortex的功能包括：（a）大量通道，提供全头部覆盖和更大的空间分辨率，使用多达128个激光源和60个检测器;以及（B）可编程多路复用，以允许“自适应”记录蒙太奇设计。 在第一阶段，我们将探索两个进一步的功能：（a）多个同时调制频率，以限制信道串扰和提高采样率;（B）可变调制频率（从50到300 MHz），以优化S/N，空间分辨率和深度穿透特定的医疗应用。 新系统还将包括灵活的模块化综合软件，用于：（a）数据采集;（B）光学数据与大脑解剖图像的配准;（c）预分析、伪影剔除和/或校正、平均、图像生成、统计分析;（d）与其他大脑成像软件接口。 该仪器的模块化性质赋予了几个应用和商业化优势。对于某些应用（例如婴儿或感兴趣区域记录），具有32个源和15个探测器的版本将是足够的;然而，如果需要，这种仪器可以升级到完整配置，并且用于涉及成人全头部研究的研究。 公共卫生关系： MRI是用于成像大脑活动中的功能变化的首选技术。 这是昂贵的（约300万美元），它需要特殊的设施。 数据采集时间约为20分钟，在配准过程中，患者需要在测量体内保持静止。 我们建议建立一个便携式的仪器（它可以被安置在医生的办公室），负担得起的（不到50万美元），不敏感的运动伪影（适合于婴儿和儿童的测量）。 新的频域仪器，我们称之为Opticortex，具有128个光源和60个探测器;它旨在测量整个大脑的快速和慢速活动。 Opticortex将在认知神经科学领域推出一系列新颖的应用（成人的任务相关反应，衰老对感觉皮层的影响，婴儿的大脑发育，语言学），它将为相关医学应用的研究打开大门：因为它将选择性地探测大脑的不同深度，在中风恢复和神经外科领域的潜在应用，对癫痫和抑郁症的研究将在医学研究界力所能及的范围内。