DISPOSITION OF CODEINE IN HAIR & SALIVA: EFFECT OF GENDER & HAIR COLOR

头发和唾液被提议作为检测尿液和血液的替代品，用于检测药物使用情况。头发样本的分析比尿液更具侵入性，更可靠，更敏感，可以作为药物使用的指示器，但大多数毒品检测程序都使用尿液。关于使用头发分析来检测药物滥用的警告是，已知和未知的因素会影响头发中药物的浓度。例如，罗林斯博士和他的同事已经证明，女性头发中鸦片类药物的浓度大大高于男性。同样，有色素的头发中的药物浓度比没有色素的头发中的药物浓度更高。虽然唾液越来越多地被用于检测滥用药物，但影响这种容易获得的体液中药物浓度的性别和种族相关因素尚未得到广泛研究。这项研究旨在确定性别、发色和种族对头发和唾液中滥用药物浓度的影响。氧氟沙星是一种喹诺酮类抗生素，将被用作阿片类药物的替代标志物。

Hair and saliva are being proposed as alternatives to testing urine and blood for the detection of drug use. Analysis of a hair specimen is less invasive, more reliable and more sensitive than urine as an indicator of drug use, yet urine is utilized in most drug detection programs. The caveat about the use of hair analysis to detect drugs of abuse is that factors known and unknown affect the concentraton of drugs in hair. For example, Dr. Rollins and his colleagues have demonstrated that the concentration of opiates in the hair of women is substantially greater than in males. Similarly, drug concentration is greater in pigmented hair than in non-pigmented hair. Although saliva is being used increasingly for the detection of drugs of abuse, gender and race-related factors affecting drug concentration in this easily accessed body fluid have not been extensively studied. This study is designed to determine the effects of gender, hair color and ethnicity on the concentration of drugs of abuse in hair and saliva. Oflaxicin, a quinotone antibiotic, will be used as a surrogate marker for opiates.